Inorganic electrolyte batteries

Dey, A. N. Lithium anode film and organic and inorganic electrolyte batteries. Thin Solid Films mi, 45, 131-171. 

A. N. Dey, Lithium Anode Film and Organic and Inorganic Electrolyte Batteries, in Thin Solid Films, vol. 43, Elsevier Sequoia, Lausanne, Switzerland, 1977, p. 131. 

Inorganic electrolyte batteries offer several advantages, including high-rate capability, excellent shelf life, and the ability to accept limited overcharge through a shuttle mechanism. 

Peled E. Lithium Stability and Film Formation in Organic and Inorganic Electrolyte for Lithium Battery Systems.// in Gabano J.-P., Ed. Lithium Battery. London etc. Academic Press, 1983. Pp. 43-72. 

Primary Battery Development. Many publications (5-15) and presentations have occurred in the 70 s on PRIMARY cells based on dry organic or inorganic electrolytes. HED s have been achieved. Low-temperature output has been achieved with some. Table III lists some of the more popular solvents. Preferred electrolytes include POCI3 -i- LiPFe or LiBCla, and SOCI2 + LiAlCli or LiAsFe. 

In the gelled electrolyte battery, die sulfuric acid electrolyte has been immobilized by a diixolropic gel. This is made by mixing an inorganic powder such as silicon dioxide, SiCL, with the acid. Other cells use a highly absorbent separator to immobilize the electrolyte. 

G. Blomgren, Properties, Structure and Conductivity of Organic and Inorganic Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Systems, in Ref. 2. 

Blomgren, G. E., Properties, structures and conductivity of organic and inorganic electrolytes for lithium battery systems. In Lithium batteries, Gabano, J.-P., Ed. Academic Press London, United Kingdom, 1983 Ch. 2 13-41. 

Finally, high-temperature molten salt electrolyte batteries (NaS, Zebra) require completely inorganic separators capable of withstanding liquid metal temperature and chemical attack, effectively acidic conditions at temperatures >200 °C. Beta-AlaOs has been significantly engineered to serve this role [10]. 

Peled E., Lithium stability and film formation in organic and inorganic electrolyte for lithium battery systems. In lithium batteries, ed. by Gabano, J. P. (Academic, New York, 1983). 

Inorganic Electrolytes. The SOj-based inorganic electrolytes are another alternative for use in rechargeable lithium batteries. These electrolytes are attractive because they offer the highest ionic conductivity of any electrolyte used in rechargeable lithium batteries. Figure 34.7a shows the ionic conductivity of S02-based LiAlCl4 electrolytes at various temperatures. ... 

Crystalline inorganic electrolytes for Li-ion batteries can be divided into four main families of compounds, depending on their crystal strucmre (1) A-site deficient perovskite-type Li-ion conductors (2) Garnet-type Li-ion conductors (3) NASICON-type Li-ion conductors (4) LISICON-type Li-ion conductors. 

Another important factor is the electrochemical stability, which means that the electrochemical window of the electrolyte must be wide. However, most solid inorganic electrolytes are not suitable for lithium-ion batteries with high output voltage. For example, the ionic conductivity of LijN is 10 S/cm, but its decomposition potential is only 0.45 V, which limits the voltage of the battery. 

As discussed in Chapter 11, most solid inorganic electrolytes exhibit relatively low ionic conductivity, which can still satisfy the demands of microlithium-ion batteries, since the electrolyte film thickness is very thin. This is not the case with large-capacity solid lithium-ion batteries, which need high-ionic-conductivity electrolytes. 

A secondary 2.5 V lithium-titanium disulphide battery developed in the mid-eighties by Evcready, employing a LiI-LigP40o 25Sii3.75 vitreous inorganic electrolyte has reached the semi-commercial stage. 

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