Solubility inorganic compounds

Solution (Chemistry) 2. Inorganic compounds—Solubility. 3. Chemical elements—Solubility. I. Pesterfield, Lester L. II. Title. 

Divide the saturated solution of n-butyl alcohol in water into three approximately equal parts. Treat these respectively with about 2-5 g. of sodium chloride, potassium carbonate and sodium hydroxide, and shake each until the soli have dissolved. Observe the effect of these compounds upon the solubility of n-butanol in water. These results illustrate the phenomenon of salting out of organic compounds, t.e., the decrease of solubility of organic compounds in water when the solution is saturated with an inorganic compound. The alcohol layer which separates is actually a saturated solution of water in n-butyl alcohol. 

Table 5.2 Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds and Metal Salts of Organic...

TABLE 11.46 General Solubility Rules for Inorganic Compounds ... 

Descriptive properties for a basic group of inorganic compounds are compiled in Section 3, which has undergone a small increase in the number of entries. Many entries under the column Solubility supply the reader with precise quantities dissolved in a stated solvent and at a given temperature. 

Extraction of Nonmetallic Inorganic Compounds. Phosphoric acid is usually formed from phosphate rock by treatment with sulfuric acid, which forms sparingly soluble calcium sulfate from which the phosphoric acid is readily separated. However, in special circumstances it may be necessary to use hydrochloric acid ... 

Other preparative routes iaclude hydrogenation of succinonitdle in the presence of methylamine and hydrogenation of solutions of maleic or succinic acid and methylamine (82,83). Properties are Hsted in Table 3. l-Meth5i-2-pyrrohdinone is completely miscible with water, lower alcohols, lower ketones, ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and benzene. It is moderately soluble in aUphatic hydrocarbons and dissolves many organic and inorganic compounds. 

TABLE 2-120 Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures ... 

The solubility of most inorganic compounds is reduced by the addition of organic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, propan-l-ol, acetone, etc. For example, the addition of about 20 per cent by volume of ethanol renders the solubility of lead sulphate practically negligible, thus permitting quantitative separation. Similarly calcium sulphate separates quantitatively from 50percent ethanol. Other examples of the influence of solvents will be found in Chapter 11. 

Some solids are either too soluble, or the solubility does not vary sufficiently with temperature, in a given solvent for direct crystallisation to be practicable. In many cases, the solid can be precipitated from, say, a concentrated aqueous solution by the addition of a liquid, miscible with water, in which it is less soluble. Ethanol, in which many inorganic compounds are almost insoluble, is generally used. Care must be taken that the amount of ethanol or other solvent added is not so large that the impurities are also precipitated. Potassium hydrogencarbonate and antimony potassium tartrate may be purified by this method. 

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless and odorless gas molecule. This inorganic compound, at standard temperature and pressure, is chemically stable with low solubility in water but high solubility in alcohol and benzene. Incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion is the major source of environmental production of CO. When it burns, CO yields a violet flame. The specific gravity of CO is 0.96716 with a boiling point of -190°C and a solidification point of-207°C. The specific volume of CO is 13.8 cu ft/lb (70°F). 

MDHS46 Platinum metal and soluble inorganic compounds of platinum in air. 

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