Inorganic bases, catalyst, epoxy

Later on, Liang and coworkers successfully employed trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) as a new type of stoichiometric oxidant for the asymmetric epoxidation of acyclic enones in the presence of 10 mol% of catalyst 4 (Scheme 5.6) [9]. The desired epoxy ketones were obtained in good yields (69-93%) with high enantioselectivities (73-93% ee) under nonaqueous solid-liquid conditions [9b]. In this reaction, TCCA reacts with an inorganic base (KOH) to form a hypochlorite salt, which is transferred to the organic phase by the phase-transfer catalyst and oxidizes... 

A thixotropic pigmented bisphenol-A based epoxy containing inorganic fillers for use with epoxy catalysts in coatings, castings and adhesive manufacture, a. 1.2... 

The thiol-epoxy reaction has proved to be an important synthetic tool in the preparation of a variety of pharmaceutical and natural products [55-64]. As mentioned above, this reaction can be performed using an acid or a base as a catalyst. The acid catalysts include boron trifluoride etherate [57], lanthanide chlorides [65], lithium perchlorate [60], cobalt chloride [66], and neutral alumina [67]. The basic catalysts can be organic or inorganic and include, among others, triethylamine, l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF), and LiOH [61-64, 68, 69]. In the literature on small molecules, it is important to note that this reaction is complete in a few minutes to a few hours of reaction time, with quantitative yields and with high regioselectivity. In the case of LiOH and TBAF, quantitative conversion of the epoxide to a desired thio-ether compound is observed within minutes and with 100% regioselectivity (isomer I) [68, 69]. 

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