Inner springs

Figure 10-6. Use of additional inner springs of unknown quality in an atten to obtain set pressure.

Inner Springs—Presses the rotating inner seal face up against the stationary inner seal face. 

Double-Pipe Scrapea-Surface Crystallizer This type of equipment consists of a double-pipe heat exchanger with an internal agitator fitted with spring-loaded scrapers that wipe the wall of the inner pipe. The cooling hquid passes between the pipes, this annulus being dimensioned to permit reasonable shell-side velocities. The scrapers prevent the buildup of solids and maintain a good film coefficient of heat transfer. The equipment can be operated in a continuous or in a recirculating batch manner. 

Table 2. Structural parameters, cohesive energies per atom, and spring constant for helices C4(,0 and C,4(, here / and r, are outer and inner diameter of a helix, respeetively...

FIG. 10 (a) Snapshot picture of a chain with iV = 128 monomers confined in a tube with Z) = 2 for strong wall attraction ejk T — —3 [14], The inner concentric tube with D — 1 emphasizes that the chain winds itself around along the walls and is thus a guide for the eye—in the actual simulation no inner tube is present, (b) Snapshot picture of the same chain between two repulsive walls [19] at a distance D — A. Each bead is represented by a sphere of diameter 0.8 the springs between the beads are not shown. 

Direct Indicating Viscometer. This is a rotational type instrument powered by an electric motor or by a hand crank. Mud is contained in the annular space between two cylinders. The outer cylinder or rotor sleeve is driven at a constant rotational velocity its rotation in the mud produces a torque on the inner cylinder or bob. A torsion spring restrains the movement. A dial attached to the bob indicates its displacement. Instrument constants have been so adjusted that plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, and yield point are obtained by using readings from rotor sleeve speeds of 300 and 600 rpm. 

The tool features a spline assembly that transmits high torque loads to the bit through its outer tube, while the inner assembly absorbs vibration through a series of steel-disc springs. The spring system works in both suspension and compression. 

Similar internal stresses can develop in the interior of a rubber tube spring, consisting of a cylindrical rubber tube bonded on its inner and outer curved surfaces between rigid cylindrical... 

As the name implies, the cup-and-bob viscometer consists of two concentric cylinders, the outer cup and the inner bob, with the test fluid in the annular gap (see Fig. 3-2). One cylinder (preferably the cup) is rotated at a fixed angular velocity ( 2). The force is transmitted to the sample, causing it to deform, and is then transferred by the fluid to the other cylinder (i.e., the bob). This force results in a torque (I) that can be measured by a torsion spring, for example. Thus, the known quantities are the radii of the inner bob (R ) and the outer cup (Ra), the length of surface in contact with the sample (L), and the measured angular velocity ( 2) and torque (I). From these quantities, we must determine the corresponding shear stress and shear rate to find the fluid viscosity. The shear stress is determined by a balance of moments on a cylindrical surface within the sample (at a distance r from the center), and the torsion spring ... 

Figure 4.11 — (A) High-volume wall-jet cell. (B) Bubble-through flow-cell. (1) Cell body (2) membrane (3) ion-selective electrode (4) steel spring (5) inner reference solution (6) sample guide.

Bomb Igniter, AN-M9, shown in Fig 5-13, consists of two concentric steel tubes joined at both ends to form an annular space which is filled with 1.6-lb of WP for land bombing or Na for water bombing. Outside diam is 1.25-inches, inside diam 0.88-in and overall length 38.34-in. The inner tube, which is ca 1.25-in shorter than the outer tube, contains a small coil spring for snubbing inserted bomb burster Ml3 (Ref 51a, p5-21)... 

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