Inks, comparing

Dendritic polyester polyols, which provide better rheological behaviour and thus enable better printing quality and superior curing speed of inks compared to other polyols such as caprolactone polyols. 

If the total alkyds consumed in recent years is classified by their dibasic acid component, about 50% belongs to the unmodified phthaHc type, about 28% modified phthaHc type, about 13% based on isophthaHc, and the balance based on polybasic acids other than phthaHc or isophthaHc. The top alkyd resin manufacturers in the U.S. are Cargill, Reichhold, a subsidiary of Dainippon Ink Chemicals, Inc., and Spencer KeUog, now a part of NL Industries, Inc. The median price (52,53), of general types of alkyd resin, soHds base, was 1.98/kg in Nov. 1990 compared to about 440 in 1955, about 660 in 1975, and about 1.54 in 1983, reflecting the increases in raw material cost. 

Washing. Washing removes dispersed ink particles from the pulp slurry (23). This process is comparable to home laundering in many ways. 

The ohmic case is the most complex. A particular result is that the system is localised in one of the wells at T = 0, for sufficiently strong friction, viz. rj > nhjlQo. At higher temperatures there is an exponential relaxation with the rate Ink oc (4riQllnh — l)ln T. Of special interest is the special case t] = nhl4Ql. It turns out that the system exhibits exponential decay with a rate constant which does not depend at all on temperature, and equals k = nAl/2co. Comparing this with (2.37), one sees that the collision frequency turns out to be precisely equal to the cutoff vibration frequency Vo = cojln. 

Dianippon Ink Chemical Company (DIC) manufactures the Pandex series of TPUs that are used to make polymeric blends with PVC. These polyblends show comparable mechanical properties to others. Germany s Beyer Chemical Company also has similar products. The related information about these commercial products can be obtained from the manufacturers. 

The deinking process (DIP) can be compared with a giant washing machine, that removes the printing ink off the fibre, two major types exist ... 

Identification of dyes on dyed textiles is traditionally carried out by destructive techniques [493], TLC is an outstanding technique for identification of extracted dyestuffs and examination of inks. Figure 4.9 shows HPTLC/SERRS analysis of acridine orange [492], Wright et al. [494] have described a simple and rapid TLC-videodensitometric method for in situ quantification of lower halogenated subsidiary colours (LHSC) in multiple dye samples. The results obtained by this method were compared with those obtained by an indirect TLC-spectrophotometric method and those from HPLC. The total time for the TLC-videodensitometric assay of five standards and four samples applied to each plate was less than 45 min. The method is applicable for use in routine batch-certification analysis. Loger et al. [495,496] have chromatographed 19 basic dyes for PAN fibres on alumina on thin-layer with ethanol-water (5 2) and another 11 dyes on silica gel G with pyridine-water... 

Anyway, one of the recent and most comprehensive LCA studies on printed matter [22, 24] focus on the importance of chemical emissions as compared to emissions related to energy, and actually include toxic impacts from chemical emissions like printing ink, of which some components may accumulate in recycled paper. 

---