Dyes, ink

Tinten-fabrikant, m. ink maker, -farbe, /. ink color, ink dye. -fass, n. inkholder. -fass-feder, /. fountain pen. -fisch, m. cuttlefish, sepia, -fischschwarz, n. sepia (the pigment), -flasche, /. ink bottle, -fleck, m. ink stain, ink spot, -gummi, n. (rubber) ink eraser, -loscher, m. blotter, -pulver, n. ink powder, -stein, m. inkstone. -wein, m. tent (a deep red wine). 

Ethanol itself finds use as chemical in various applications, particularly as solvent (toiletries and cosmetics, paints, lacquer thinners, printing inks, dyes, detergents, disinfectants and pharmaceuticals), besides its uses in the food and beverage industry, and as a disinfectant. 

The replacement of classical textile printing techniques by digital printing techniques (ink-jet and bubble jet) is in full progress. Present limitations result from the availability of appropriate formulations of inks/dyes and fixation techniques. The comparable low production speed and limitations with regard to the quality of the textile material can be expected to be overcome within the next 5-10 years. 

Generally, ink dyes for ink jet applications and writing, drawing, or marking materials are selected from food, acid, direct, sulfur, and reactive dyes. The choice of dye depends on the application and the ink used, whether it is aqueous, solvent based, or hot melt, and on the printer type continuous ink jet or drop-on-demand, piezo or thermal inkjet. 

Highly concentrated dyes with very low salt content are preferred. For black inks, dye concentrations up to 8.0 % are necessary to achieve a high optical density. For fineliner pen inks the same ink formulations are used as in fiber-tip pen inks. 

Ink Dyes for Textiles. The two main textile fibers are cellulose (cotton) and polyester. Ink-jet dyes for cotton are existing textile reactive dyes [18,19] but purified... 

A second project involves the analysis of ink dyes by modern LC using a reverse phase small particle diameter column. 

The majority of recycled paper (about 75%) is used with no attempt to remove inks, dyes, or pigments from the paper. The resultant pulp is of rather poor color and quality, and is... 

Conventional HSCCC has been used for dye separations since the mid-1980s. At that time. Pales et al. [1] separated various methylated homologs and contaminants from a 6-mg portion of the triphenyhnethane dye Methyl Violet 2B (Cl 42535), and Freeman and Willard [2] purified up to 520 mg of azo textile and ink dyes. Later documented applications have been for the colors Sul-forhodamine B (Cl 45100) [3] and Gardenia Yellow [4]. 

Pollution caused by heavy metals is now a worldwide phenomenon. Among the many heavy metals, lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) are of most concern, although the last three metals are essential nutrients in animal and human nutrition. These metals are widely used in industry, particularly in metal-working or metalplating, and in such products as batteries and electronics. They are also used in the production of jewelry, paint pigments, pottery glazes, inks, dyes, rubber, plastics, pesticides, and even in medicines. These metals enter the environment wherever they are produced, used, and ultimately discarded. 

Hazard Toxic material. TLV 0.5 mg(Cr)/m3. Use Inks, dyeing, paint pigment, leather tanning, other chromates, protection of iron against corrosion, wood preservative. 

Insulation for electrical wires, cables, and condensers Microencapsulation of dyes for carbonless duplicating papers Paint additives, ink dyes, plasticizers Protective coats for low flammable woods... 

Poly-G . [Olin] PEOs, polyether polyols, or polys lene gly derivs. PEGS as intermediate, carrier in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, rubber mold releases, printing inks, dyes, meudworking flukte, etc. polyols to adhesives, caulks, sealants, coatings, castable elastomers, tire fill, potting compds. 

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