Injection data

Another contributing mechanism is the direct cooling of hot propellant surface by contact with the injected fluid. The fluid should cause the decomposing surface to reduce its pyrolysis rate to a point where combustion cannot be sustained. In addition, the presence of water on the surface would obstruct heat transfer from the gas-phase reaction zones to the solid surface, thus augmenting the cooling of the surface. Proponents of these two approaches have correlated the injection data on the basis of mass of fluid required per unit area of surface, but theoretical justifications for the use of this particular correlating parameter have not been presented. 

Hydrodynamic injection was compared with electrokinetic injection (data not shown). The two injection modes gave comparable percent peak areas. Electrokinetic injection gave slightly higher resolution compared to hydrodynamic injection. For the CE-SDS method, electrokinetic injection is generally recommended. 

Eglin AFB, Florida. Plots established 2 April 1972, 4,480 kg/ha simulated subsurface Injection. Data are means of replicate plots, 0-15 cm soil Increment. 

Fig. II. Observed variations of isotopic temperatures before and after re-inject ion in selected wells (VC 10, Gl. 137. Le PR2). (a) Variations computed with the pair (FLO-Hj) in relation 10 the wellhead temperatures (7 vh)- (b) Isotopic temperatures are relative to the pair (C02-CH4). Full symbols refer to the pre-injection data.

Figure 4.2 Tissue distribution of thiopentone following intravenous injection. Data from Saidman U and Eger El. Anesthesiology 1966 27 118-26.)...

Fig. 5.3. Dose-response of luciferin distribution in PPRE-Luc reporter mice. Luciferin was injected i.p. and then imaging was carried out 20 min after substrate injection. Data in the right graph represents the mean sem of photon emission measured in the chest and abdomen area of groups of five animals.

Mercury Injection data revealed a porosity of 30 % and a bimodal pore size distribution with pore size maxima at 20 and 110 nm. The capillary displacement pressure (Pd) for mercury was 2.7 MPa corresponding to an equivalent value of 0.5 MPa. For the conversion from the mercury-air to the gas-water system the following parameters were used interfacial tension values of p(Hg-air) = 480 mN/m, and p(N2-water) = 70 mN/m contact angles (Hg-air) = 141°, and 6l(N2-water) = 0°. 

Table I. Injection Data for CdTe Radioisotope Detector CE System...

Figure 6 illustrates some separations of a 20-mer antisense oligonucleotide with a neutral backbone. With the sample diluted in water, a symmetrical peak is obtained for a small 100-mbs injection (data not shown). The buffer is 100 mM CAPS, pH 11.7, with 6 M urea. The solute is separated as an anion, with thymine and guanine being ionized at the high pH. Figure 6 shows the separations at expanded scale. Some subtle but surprising observations are made. In 1 M salt diluent, two impurity peaks on the tail of the main component show improved resolution, while the impurity peak that elutes just before the main... 

Figure 9 Downstream profiles in the Wightman Fork/Alamosa River system of (a) pH measured and simulated (b) dissolved aluminum concentrations measured and simulated (c) dissolved iron concentrations measured and simulated and (d) copper concentrations measured and simulated. Simulations were obtained with the OTEQ code after calibration on tracer-injection data and Fe(II/III) determinations.

A) Pressure-controlled mercury porosimetry procedure. It consists of recording the injected mercury volume in the sample each time the pressure increases in order to obtain a quasi steady-state of the mercury level as P,+i-Pi >dP>0 where Pj+i, Pi are two successive experimental capillary pressure in the curve of pressure P versus volume V and dP is the pressure threshold being strictly positive. According to this protocol it is possible to calculate several petrophysical parameters of porous medium such as total porosity, distribution of pore-throat size, specific surface area and its distribution. Several authors estimate the permeability from mercury injection capillary pressure data. Thompson applied percolation theory to calculate permeability from mercury-injection data. 

He used three length scales derived from mercurj -injection data to characterize a porous medium. He defined thresholds pressure as the pressure at which mercury forms a connected pathway across the sample and indicated that the measured threshold pressure corresponded graphically to the inflection point on a mercury injection plot. This protocole is often insufficient to characterize the porous space and to describe completly the phenomena in mercury injection. Experiments often show that between two successive experiments points the decrease of capillary pressure can be important and during this time the volume of injected mercury can be 50% of the total volume. Indeed, it observed sudden falls of pressure eorresponding to the spontaneous redistribution of mercury in porous network. For similar porosity of samples we have unexplained different mercury saturation time of pore network. 

If an injection well is stimulated (s becomes smaller), the slope decreases if a well is damaged (s becomes larger), the slope increases. When the Hall plot is applied to a polymer injection well, if we assume s does not change, the slope increases because of higher polymer solution viscosity. Buell et al. (1990) pointed out that injection data must be plotted in the form of Eq. 5.47 to make valid quantitative calculations, and Eq. 5.49 is not appropriate when multiple fluid banks with significantly different properties exist in the reservoir. However, in practice, we may still use Eq. 5.48 in polymer injection for approximation. 

Fig. 5 Interleukin 1-beta concentration assay. A Binding of human IL-l/S to mouse anti-IL-l/S antibody, previously captured onto a RaM-Fc surface. Binding curves for five different IL-1/3 concentrations are shown overlaid, synchronised to the start of each IL-l/S injection. Data have been normalised by subtraction of the response to injection of buffer alone, to correct for the off-rate of the captured anti-IL-l/S antibody. B IL-l/S concentration-response calibration curve. The initial binding rate for each IL-l/S concentration was calculated as for the myoglobin concentration-response calibration curve (Fig. 4)...

Our work to date has demonstrated that both of the above types of modified electrode can alleviate the problem of electrode passivation by accumulation of electrolysis products on the surface. With nitrite as the analyte, flow injection data at a bare Pt electrode showed a continuous loss of sensitivity with consecutive injections the current for 40 pM nitrite introduced into a pH 4.6 phosphate buffer flowed at 1.0 ml/min dropped from 60 nA to 51 nA after five 20 pi injections. At an Ir(IV)-containing qPVP film, the peak current at 0.85 V vs Ag/AgCl was constant (0.0 % relative standard deviation of 5 trials with a peak current of 49 nA under the same conditions). 

Figure 4. Bovine somatotropin (BST) plasma levels, measured by ladioimmimoassay in nanograms per milliliter, in dairy cattle injected subcutaneously with formulations consisting of 9 1 sesame oil/white beeswax, 9.5 0.5 sesame oil/white beeswax, or 9 1 peanut oil/yellow beeswax containing about 12.5% suspended bovine somatobDpm in a 4 9-g injection. (Data from Ferguson et al., 1990.)...

Figure 8. Cumulative growth data diowing the efficacy of a W/O/W emulsion in hypophysec-tomized rats (rats with pituitaries surgically removed so they do not produce growth hormone). Each of 10 animals was injected with 2400/rg of BST in 0.2ml of W/OAV emulsion. The positive control group of animals received a single bolus injection of 2400//g of BST in carbonate-buffered saline. Negative control animals received no injections. (Data from Tyle and Cady, 1990.)...

Fig. 7 Promoter selective effect of Pluronic P85 on luciferase reported gene expression in skeletal muscle. Groups of five Balb/c mice were injected i.m. with 0.3% P85-formulated (black bars) or nonformulated (white bars) luciferase encoding plasmids driven by CMV, SV40, CRE, AP-1, NF-/cB or p53. Luciferase activity was determined 24h after injections. Data are the percentage of increase of P85-formulated DNA over the naked DNA, mean SEM (n = 10). p < 0.05, n.s. not significant (p = 0.06)...

Figure 8. Antitumor activity of PEG-XO with or without hypoxanthine administration. Arrowheads, administration of native XO or PEG>XO (0.6 unit/mouse for the first and second administration and 0.2 unit/mouse for the third administration). Hypoxantfiine was administered at 33 mg/kg body weight i.p. twice daily from days II to 21 after tumor inoculation, at 12 h or later after XO or PEG XO injection. Data are means (n = 6>8) bars, SE., P< 0.001., The complete regression of tumor growth was observed in three of seven tumors in mice after treatment with PEG-XO plus hypoxanthine. See text for details. (From Ref. 58 with permission).

Fig. 9 Fluorescence imaging of lymphocytes in mice. Labeled and/or engineered cells were administrated intravenously (n = 3, 100 pL/mouse, lO cells) and whole body was scanned liom the back side by eXplore Optix, GE Healthcare, Bioscience (excitation at 646 nm, anission 663 nm), 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 48 h, and 1 week after injection. Data woe normalized. SP spleen, LN lymph node of epidermal intestinal tract TM DLD-1 human colon carcinoma, (a) Cy5-labeled cells to the nude mice, (b) Cy5-labeled cells to the DLD-1 implanted nude mice at dorsal division, (c) Both Cy5-labeled and Al-glycan-engineered lymphocytes into the tumor model...

One rabbit died during the long term eye drop administration and two rabbits died during the long term retrobulbar injection (data not shown). 

Fig. 11. Blocking activity in the polymethylene-bis-trimethylanunonium series. Cat tibialis muscle. Intravenous injection. (Data from Paton, W. D. M. and Zaimis, B., Brit. J. Pharmacol., 4, 381, 1949 Barlow, R. B. and Zoller, A., Ibid., 23, 131, 1964.)...

TABLE 5.6 —LABORATORY INJECTIVITY DATA FOR 1,900-ppm POLYMER AT RESERVOIR TEMPERATURE ... 

Injectivity data of non-Newtonian polyacrylamide are modeled with a constitutive relation that relates apparent viscosity to the natural log of the velocity. Results from the model are consistent with laboratory data trends. 

Tinker, Gordon E. and R. W. Bowman "Determination of In-Situ Mobility and Wellbore Impairment from Polymer Injectivity Data, " SPE Paper 4744 (April, 1974), Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, Oklahoma. 

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