Inhibition of PGE2 production

Several fatty acids and derivatives were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of Angelica pubescens Maxim f. biserrata Shan et Yuan (Umbelliferae) by following in vitro 5-LOX and COX-1 inhibitory assays. Linoleic acid showed potent inhibition against PGE2 production from purified COX-1 enzyme. Falcarindiol, which is an acetylenic alcohol, showed higher potency against LOX than COX (Table 3) [122]. Linolenic acid is an... 

Artemisia fukudo Makino (Asteraceae) EO was evaluated for its anti-in ammatory activity. It exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of the production of NO and PGE2. The results indicate that the inhibitory effects are dependent on the suppression of iNOS and COX-2. The EO also suppressed the production of TNF a, IL-ip, and IL-6. LPS-induced NEkB and IxE-a production was also reduced by A. fukudo EO (Yoon et al., 2010b)... 

The plant is strongly aromatic on account of an essential oil which comprises cis-a-ocimene (25.11%), 3,7-dimethyl-l,6-octadien-3 ol (16.85%), and trans-nerolidol (13.89%), hence the use of the plant in aromatherapy. A methanolic extract of bark of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. and its fractions (0.01 mg/mL) from bark inhibit NO and PGE2 production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages without significant cytotoxicity at less than 0.01 mg/mL concentration. The methanol extract decreased the enzymatic activity of myeloperoxidase (0.05 mg/mL). These findings suggest that L. cubeba is beneficial for inflammatory conditions and may contain compound(s) with anti-inflammatory properties (63). Can we expect the vasorelaxant laurotetanine (64) isolated from the plant to exert such activity ... 

JP-8-induced systemic immunosuppression is explained in part by modulation of cytokine and inflammatory pathways. Within 48 hours of a single dermal application of JP-8 (300 pL), serum IL-10 levels increase significantly to nearly 3000 pg/mL [36], As IL-10 is known to suppress DTH responses [64,65], it is likely that modulation of this cytokine contributes to JP-8 s immunotoxicity. Furthermore, splenic T-cell proliferative responses are significantly decreased in JP-8 exposed mice, yet this effect is reversed following neutralization of IL-10, administration of IL-12, or inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production [60], Additional studies demonstrated suppression... 

COX-1 is found in healthy individuals and is important in maintaining a balanced physiological role in kidneys and stomach. COX-2, on the other hand, is induced in the case of inflammation where it mediates the inflammation process. Aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 indiscriminately. While this reduces the production of PGE2 through the inhibition of COX-2, it upsets the hemostasis function of COX-1, which has a protective function for the mucosal lining, and leads to bleeding and ulcer formation. 

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