Inherent safety history

Sanders, R.E., Designs that Lacked Inherent Safety Case Histories, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 104, 2003, pp. 149—161. 

History was well within the limits allowed by OSHA. No Judgement as to the inherent safety and effectiveness of these ohemioals is inferred, and it is recognized that exposure standards are subject to revision. 

Again, this very brief excursion into our history should not result in the conclusion that we can not realize repositories be it near surface ones or be it ones deep underground. But it clearly imderlines that we should not rely too much on instimtional control. We should build - as much as possible - long lasting inherent safety into our rqxasitory systans. The tools for this approach are available. 

The concept of safety refers to a reasonable certainty of no harm per the FD C Act to safe and adequate levels of nutrients, including essentiality, stability, history of use, and toxicity per LSRO or, in some circumstances, a reasonable balance between costs (e.g., risks, harm) and benefits. Safety, therefore, is not an inherent biological property, but rather a point on a continuum that is influenced by intellectual concepts and judgment. Generally, a hazard refers to a substance or combination of substances that produce undesired outcomes in the case of infant formulas, the undesired outcome is health related. Risk implies that an adverse event will be expressed under specified conditions, and harm refers to the nature of an undesired outcome associated with a hazard. Details about the concept of safety and surrounding issues are provided in Chapter 2. 

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