Infrared biomedical application

M. A. Brown, T. E. Edmonds, J. N. Miller, D. P. Riley and N. J. Seare, Novel instrumentation and biomedical applications of very near infrared fluorescence, Analyst 118, 407—410 (1993). 

C. Krafft and V. Sergo, Biomedical applications of Raman and infrared spectroscopy to diagnose tissues. Spectroscopy, 20, 195-218 (2006). 

E.W. Ciurczak and J.K. Drennen, Near-infrared spectroscopy in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. In Handbook of Near-Infrared Analysis, 2nd edition, D. Bums and E.W. Ciurczak (eds), Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 2001. 

For any vibrational mode, the relative intensities of Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering depend only on the temperature. Measurement of this ratio can be used for temperature measurement, although this application is not commonly encountered in pharmaceutical or biomedical applications. Raman scattering based on rotational transitions in the gas phase and low energy (near-infrared) electronic transitions in condensed phases can also be observed. These forms of Raman scattering are sometimes used by physical chemists. However, as a practical matter, to most scientists, Raman spectroscopy means and will continue to mean vibrational Raman spectroscopy. 

Near-Infrared Dyes with Near-Infrared Fluorescence. This type is becoming more important, particularly in biomedical applications (see Chapter 6). Phthalo-cyanines and cyanines provide this type of fluorescence. 

The simple route to prepare functional gold nanocages and their tunable surface plasmon resonance bands, which extend into the near-infrared, make these nanoobjects extremly interesting for biomedical applications. The synthesis, properties, and applications of gold nanocages has been reviewed.263... 

One of the emerging biological and biomedical application areas for vibrational spectroscopy and chemometrics is the characterization and discrimination of different types of microorganisms [74]. A recent review of various FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectrometry) techniques describes such chemometrics methods as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and artificial neural networks (ANN) for use in taxonomical classification, discrimination according to susceptibility to antibiotic agents, etc. [74],... 

Roo is the reflectance of an infinitely thick sample (in the near-infrared, this means an approximate 5-mm thickness and more). The theory was recently revisited by Loyalka and Riggs, ° who reinvestigated the accuracy of the Kubelka-Munk equations. They found that the coefficient k must be replaced by k = 2a with the absorption coefficient a = In(lO) ec, as derivable from Beer s law for the latter equation In(lO) = 2.303, e the molar absorptivity, and c the molar concentration. Such a dependency for k was stated earlier by other researchers when comparing more refined radiation transport theories for biomedical applications, e.g., Ref.[ l... 

Wetzel, D.L. (2008) Biomedical Applications of Infrared Microspectroscopy and Imaging by Various Means, in Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy (eds P. Lasch and J. Kneipp), John Wiley Sons, New York, pp. 

Biomedical Applications of Infrared Microspectroscopy Using Synchrotron Radiation... 

I 74 Biomedical Applications of Infrared Microspectroscopy Using Synchrotron Radiation (a) ( )... 

All these advantages explain why today most infrared experiments on biological samples are performed with FT-IR spectrometers. Partial exceptions are time-resolved studies, and the specied techniques employed there are discussed elsewhere in this volume (see [19]). Apart from the book already mentioned on FT-IR spectroscopy in which a special chapter is dedicated to biochemical and biomedical applications including instrumental and sampling aspects, several other useful guides for both the general application of infrared spectroscopy and the more specialized field of biomedical infrared spectroscopy have appeared. " ... 

One of the most important aspects of nanoparticles in biomedical applications is their surface functionalization in order to improve their biocompatibility with biological entities, and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is very useful technique that provides information about iron oxides in their ground electronic state, and when this material is bonding with a polymeric coating provides information about mechanism of functionalized magnetic nanopartides. This technique is widely used in characterization nanopartides due to its simplicity and availability. In magnetite structure it provides information about the excitation of vibration or rotation of the trivalent and divalent iron cations and allows knowing the occupied sites when the divalent iron is replaced with other cations. 

Taking into accoimt the large specific surface area, unique intrinsic optical properties and easy noncovalent interactions with aromatic drug molecules, GO is a potential material for biomedical applications. Further, GO is photoluminescent in the visible and near-infrared (NIR)... 

Ellis DI, Goodacre R. Metabolic flngerprinting in disease diagnosis Biomedical applications of infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2006 131 875-885. 

Ellis, D.I. and Goodacre, R. (2006). Metabolic fingerprinting in disease diagnosis Biomedical applications of infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Analyst, 131(8) 875-885. Bibcode 2006Ana. 131.875E. doi 10.1039/b602376m. PMID 17028718. 

Attas M (2002) Functional Infrared Imaging for biomedical applications. In Griffiths PR, Chalmers J (eds) Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy, vol V. Wiley, Chichester, pp 3388-3398... 

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