Infrared analysis, general

ASTM Practice for General Techniques for Qualitative Infrared Analysis , ASTM Committee E 13, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. 

The characterization of t-BOC containing resists has generally been done by infrared analysis of the carbonyl group before and after exposure and postbake. This analysis provides a measure of overall chemistry within the resist film but doesn t... 

X-ray or electron diffraction analyses are commonly employed to determine mineral species. In the case of biophosphates, these techniques are limited because the material is a complex mixture of organics and inorganics and furthermore the crystallites are small. Thus, resolution of X-ray diffraction pattern of bone and dentin material is rather poor. Electron diffraction pattern is generally better, but there is always the possibility of secondary alteration of the specimen during exposure. Other methods — such as infrared analysis — have their limitations too. In short, there are some analytical problems which may in part account for the conflicting interpretations offered in the literature. 

Although there are certain shortcomings involved in the use of any infrared technique, similar shortcomings exist in the use of colorimetric and x-ray procedures as well. For an overall review of the probelms of major analytical techniques for quartz one is referred to a critical literature review by Anderson (2). He indicated two of the major problems in the use of an IR procedure is the "effects of particle size" and "mutual line interferences". Generally the 800 cm band of quartz is used for infrared analysis because of its sensitivity and because this segment of the IR spectra is relatively free of the common interferences expected from other mineral components of dust samples. The use of the... 

Infrared analysis can potentially determine quantitatively the relative amount of different components in a system, such as a mixture of two dyes. The general requirements are that for each component there should be an absorbance band that is relatively sharp and that it should be unique to the component that produces it in the system in which it exists. It is important that sample thickness/concentration (depends on how the samples are prepared and mounted) is adjusted so that absorbance is in a linear range relative to concentration, that is, absorbance should not be too high. 

General solid sampling technique can be used in the infrared analysis. However, improvement has been made in actual operation based on the features of the polymer. Mr. 

In a related publication, treatments with fumaric acid in a butan-2-ol/ethanol mixture and TCICA in butan-2-ol were compared [44]. In general, the TCICA was more effective at enhancing the peel strength achieved with a solvent-based PU adhesive. Infrared analysis indicated the treatments were probably effective by removing zinc stearate (reduction in peak at 1540 cm ) and the introduction of carbon-oxide functionalities (1704 cm and 1670 cm for the TCICA and fumaric acid, respectively). With TCICA, C-Cl bonds were also observed. 

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