Information complex

The concept of evolution of primary sequences of biopolymers has attracted great interest from biologists, chemists and physicists for a long time [65-68]. As has been discussed, it is natural to expect that the content of information in the sequences of biopolymers (proteins, DNA, RNA) is relatively high in comparison with random sequences where it should be almost zero [69]. Presumably, the information complexity of early ancestors of present-day biopolymers has been increased in the course of molecular evolution when the... 

It is clear that information complexity cannot emerge just as a result of random mutations. Some coupling of mutations to other factors is necessary. It is most straightforward and natural to introduce the interrelation of mutations and conformations, i.e., to consider conformation-dependent sequence design in the context of evolution. 

Information complexity of copolymer sequences. A common approach to the analysis of the complexity of a system is to use concepts from information theory and information-theoretic-based techniques. 

When Ts does not correspond to any of the characteristic cases described above, the evolution of sequences coupled with conformations can be still defined in the same way. One has only to remember that if T Ts and both T and Ts are finite, there is a flow of heat between conformational space and sequence space, so that full thermodynamic equilibrium is impossible. Still, we can be in a stationary regime corresponding to the sequences tending to a certain fixed point, and possessing (or not possessing) information complexity. 

Gell-Mann, M. and Lloyd, S. Information measures, effective complexity, and total information. Complexity. 2 (1996), 44-52. 

The next question arising is that about the minimum mmber of monoosmatic components required to encode an odor quality. It has been recognized by BEETS that an inherent "Principle of informational complexity" makes the perception of even a single odorant molecular species informationally complex, even if the odor information pattern is dominated by the terminal derivative (monoosmatic component) of a single chemoreceptory modality. But there has to be something like a minimum complexity still. In terms of the EMO there must be a minimum number of monoosmatic components essential to produce a minimal odor information pattern. Again, since this problem is not in the domain of peripheral processes, the Enzyme Model of Olfaction cannot provide an answer. However, experimental results obtained by POLAK (m) indicate that one... 

Svensson, E., Angelborg-Thanderz, M., Sjoberg, L., Olsson, S. (1997). Information complexity—mental workload and performance in combat aircraft. 

For representation of conjunctive and disjunctive information, complex infons are formed by operators (i.e., primitive relations, for which locations are irrelevant) for conjunction and disjunction ... 

Despite the apparent simplicity of the HP model, the information complexity of an iV-unit sequence encoded only by H and P symbols can be arbitrarily high for large N (strictly speaking, in the iV limit). Indeed, using the two-letter Morse alphabet, we can write the whole human history in a message of reasonable length. 

Hie inequality T< Ts means that all the moves in sequence space are accepted independent of conformation. Hus corresponds to random mutations, and the final sequence (after long evolution) will be that of a random HP copolymer (no information complexity). 

The simulations and theoretical arguments predict that at high Tj, the sequence free energy P, dominates and the sequence tends to be completely random, corresponding to the minimum of Fj. At low Tj, the evolution selects those sequences, which correspond to the low value of the conformation free energy (structure of the core-tail typ>e). In the intermediate regime, there is an interplay between the conformational thermodynamic force and the sequence contribution (evolution pressure). Therefore, the formation of nontrivial stractures and sequences is possible. Even in the absence of attraction between P units, the final sequences remain protein-Uke (i.e., the final copolymer has the core-shell stracture of a globule) and therefore maintain certain information complexity. 

With multiple items or multiattribute items the preference structure of agents can be exponentially large. For example, if there are n items and the agent has super-additive preferences then in general the agent could specify 2 bids. Multiattribute items with n binary attributes leads to similar informational complexity. Therefore an additional consideration is to provide a compact bid representation language that allows agents to implicitly specify their bid structure. 

Carothers JM, Oestreich SC, Davis JH, Szostak JW (2(X)4) Informational complexity and functional activity of RNA structures. J AmChemSoc 126 5130-5137. doi 10.1021/ja031504a... 

The antidote to information complexity is firstly a reduction in the other seven sources of complexity as well as greater visibility. A key to that visibility has to be a greater level of collaborative working across the supply chain where information transparency is seen as a vital pre-requisite for a more efficient and effective value delivery system. 

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