Infiltration Ionic conductivity

Figure 10.1 Schematic representation of two types of infiltration left, electronically conducting backbone with ionically conducting particles right, ionically conducting backbone with electronically conducting particles [31].

This is a very simple model, and xs composed of organic salt solution and polymer matrix. The solution is infiltrated into porous matrix with high dielectric constant which is required to show high conductivity. This is therefore classified into apparently a solid state but should be classified into a solution system microscopically. Cations and anions are surrounded by a number of solvents. Ion conduction obeys the mechanism for the ionic conduction in solution, so called percolation model. 

Lidocaine hydrochloride is a local anesthetic/vasopressor preparation. Lidocaine stabilizes neuronal membranes by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses, thereby effecting local anesthetic action. Epinephrine stimulates both alpha and beta receptors within sympathetic nervous system relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi and iris and is an antagonist of histamine. They are indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia by infiltration techniques such as percutaneous injection, by peripheral nerve block techniques such as brachial plexus and intercostals, and by central neural techniques such as lumbar and caudal epidural blocks. 

---