Infectious hypodermal and

Bonami, J. R., Trumper, B., Mari, J., Brehelin, M., and Lightner, D. V. (1990). Purification and characterisation of the infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus ofpenaeid shrimps. J. Gen. Virol. 71, 2657-2664. 

MARI J, BONAMi J R and LiGHTNER D (1993), Partial cloning of the genome of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus, an unusual parvovirus pathogenic for penaeid shrimps diagnosis of the disease using a specific probe, J Gen Virol, 14, 2637-2643. 

Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic ssDNA virus IHHN virus, IHHNV Penaeid shrimp... 

TANG, K.F.J., and D.V. UGHTNER. 2002. Low Sequence variation among isolates of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) originating from Hawaii and the Americas. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 49 93-97. 

Postlarvae and juveniles of a selected line of Penaeus stylirostris are resistant to infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus infeciion. Aquaculture 190 203-210. 

Biomedical wastes are not only generated by hospitals. Animal research facilities, research centers, universities, rest homes, and veterinary clinics also generate pathological (infectious) waste. Pathological waste includes animal carcasses, contaminated laboratory wastes, hypodermic needles, contaminated food and equipment, blood products, and even dialysis unit wastes. Normally, biomedical wastes are incinerated along with other wastes generated by the facilities such as paper and plastic. 

Radioactive needles contaminated with infectious agents or blood should be autoclaved as described above, and then incinerated on site or shipped to a low-level radioactive waste site. To prevent injuries, it is important that hypodermic needles and other sharps be kept in waste containers that are puncture-resistant, leak-proof, and closable from the point of discard through ultimate disposal. To prevent airborne radioactive materials, destruction of needles by grinding or a similar means is not recommended. 

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