Inertial resistance

In other cases, researchers assume that the inertial resistance to flow in DLs adjacent to conventional flow fields is negligible and they tend to lump both viscous and inertial coefficients together. This may not be a correct assumption, especially when dealing with flow fields like the interdigitated design [129,212], in which higher velocities are experienced in the pores of the DL. The Forchheimer equation is an extension of Darcy s law and takes into account the inertial resistance at high velocities [211,213] ... 

Confined charges have smaller critical and limiting diameters than unconfined chges and the stronger the inertial resistance of confining walls, the smaller are these diameters... 

To understand the appearance of spin it is necessary to consider a fermion as some inhomogeneity in the space-time continuum, or aether. In order to move through space the fermion must rotate in spherical mode, causing a measurable disturbance in its immediate vicinity, observable as an angular momentum of h/2, called spin. The inertial resistance experienced by a moving fermion relates to the angular velocity of the spherical rotation and is measurable as the mass of the fermion. 

Equation 8.40 shows that the two terms in the right-hand side are equal at Re = 85.7(1 - eb). So, for typical bed void fractions of 0.4 the viscous and inertial resistance s are approximately equal at Re 50. 

Figure 8.5 Effect of the bed porosity on pressure drop for viscous resistance and inertial resistance.

The driving force for this wave is the heat developed by the reaction while the inertial resistance is the reciprocal of the thermal diffusivity pCp/K,... 

Holes also move. As argued earlier (Section 5.5.1), anything that moves at finite velocities must have an inertial resistance to motion, i.e., a mass (see Appendix 5.1). Although it may continue to be surprising, holes have masses and moving holes have momenta. 

Inertial resistance factors characterizing the porous media... 

The dependence of these six inertial resistance triadics on choice of origin may be obtained by application of the general methods described in the paragraph immediately following Eq. (50). [See also the similar calculations in Section 3 of Brenner (B23).]... 

The biomechanical response of the body has three components, (1) inertial resistance by acceleration of body masses, (2) elastic resistance by compression of stiff structures and tissues, and (3) viscous resistance by rate-dependent properties of tissue. For low-impact speeds, the elastic stiffness protects from crush injuries whereas, for high rates of body deformation, the inertial and viscous properties determine the force developed and limit deformation. The risk of skeletal and internal organ injury relates to energy stored or absorbed by the elastic and viscous properties. The reaction load is related to these responses and inertial resistance of body masses, which combine to resist deformation and prevent injury. When tissues are deformed beyond their recoverable limit, injuries occur. 

Meanwhile, the inertial resistance term is dominated by turbulent flow. Pressure drop in turbulent pipe flow is proportional to a frictional coefficient times plfi. Approximating the LAD screen as a bank of closely packed pipes, the relationship between turbulent pressure drop and velocity is simply ... 

At high flow velocities, the inertial resistance factor, 2, can be viewed as a loss per unit length along the flow direction, thereby allowing the pressure drop to be specified as a function of dynamic head. 

Wang et al, (2010a) calibrated the inertial resistance factor, C2/, used in the porous media model in a bench scale set-up using membrane bundles with the same packing density as the Siemens Memcor Memjet BIOR HF membranes that are used in the full-scale plant being modelled. The pressure drops across the membrane bundle for flow directions perpendicular and parallel to the membrane bundle and at different fluid viscosities were measured for various liquid velocities. The empirical correlations used for modelling the pressure drop caused by tube banks were found to underestimate the pressure drop caused by the HF bundles (Fig. 15.10). 

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