Nitrogen inert atmosphere

The reaction velocity is comparatively slow, but increases with increasing concentration of acid. The addition of three drops of a neutral 20 per cent ammonium molybdate solution renders the reaction almost instantaneous, but as it also accelerates the atmospheric oxidation of the hydriodic acid, the titration is best conducted in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen or carbon dioxide). 

The use of lithium tetrahydroaluminate for drying ethers can lead to explosions. It is essential that the distillation not be continued to a point where the volume of remaining solvent is low. The distillation must be effected in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen or argon). 

Some of the procedures described in the following chapters had to be carried out under an inert atmosphere, nitrogen or argon, to minimize contact with oxygen and moisture. It is then necessary to use Schlenk techniques including the utilization of a vacuum line connected to a high vacuum pump and an inert gas inlet. The use of such equipment requires experience in working under anhydrous conditions. 

Many bacteria perform services we find useful and even necessary, although we rarely take note of them. Some bacteria participate in the decomposition of dead plants and animals and so help recycle chemicals that are otherwise locked away from the living world. Some are sources of antibiotics that have revolutionized the treatment of infectious disease in the past fifty years. Others are responsible for nitrogen fixation, converting relatively inert atmospheric nitrogen into biologically useful ammonia—a conversion that is not simple in the chemical laboratory. Still other bacteria are indispensable in the world s kitchens, for without them there would be no cheese or yogurt, nor any of hundreds of other traditional milk products. We could not enjoy pickles or sauerkraut, and... 

Titanium(lV) Isopropoxide, T1(0iPr)4 (Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc.) was distilled under an Inert atmosphere (nitrogen or argon) and stored in a flask with a septum cap under argon (bp 85°C/1.5 mm). 

Mechanism for Base-Catalyzed Autoxidation of 9,10-Dihydroanthracene. The autoxidation of 9,10-dihydroanthracene in pyridine as the solvent and in the presence of benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, a strong base, is believed to involve the reaction of a carbanion and molecular oxygen. Indirect evidence of the existence of the carbanion of dihydroanthracene in pyridine solution comes from the color that forms in the presence of the base. When dihydroanthracene is added to a pyridine solution of the base, a deep blood-red color develops immediately. This color is not completely attributable to carbanions since a trace of anthra-quinone alone will produce it. However, under an inert atmosphere (nitrogen) in which no anthraquinone can be formed, a deep red color is also formed. 

Multicomponent separation of a rubber material performed with TG is typically as follows rapid heating in inert atmosphere (nitrogen) up to 100 °C (for loss of volatile oils and... 

Further evidence against initiation by direct oxygen activation in the oxidation of olefins is provided by the following two observations.185 First, no reaction was observed between olefins (e.g., cyclohexene, 1-octene, and styrene) and metal-dioxygen complexes, such as I, II, and V, when they were heated in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen). Second, no catalysis was observed with these metal complexes in the autoxidation of olefins, such as styrene, that cannot form hydroperoxides. 

Potassium tellurocyanate, prepared from potassium cyanide and tellurium in DMSO, reacts with benzyl halides to produce benzyl tellurium cyanides in good yields. Because of the sensitivity of potassium tellurocyanate to oxygen and of some of the benzyl tellurium cyanides to light, the reactions must be carried out in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen or argon) under red light. 

An Electrocure radiation curing unit could cost up to 400,000 or a capital expenditure cost of 20/hr. Radiation curable systems also require more maintenance and an inert atmosphere (nitrogen blanket) to ensure efficient curing operations. 

Distil THF from benzophenone ketyl under an inert atmosphere (nitrogen or argon) and use immediately. 

In about 4 hours all the insoluble hexachloroiridate(III) is transformed into a soluble compoundf and a red-brown solution is obtained. The heating is not suspended, and the current of CO is increased from one bubble every 2 seconds to about two bubbles every 1 second and maintained at that rate until the solution is cold. Now 2.9 g. (17.7 mmoles) of finely ground potassium carbonate is added, and the solution is vigorously stirred at room temperature for about 40 hours, maintaining the current of CO, and then it is filtered in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen or carbon monoxide). The filtrate is set aside under nitrogen. 

Solvents may be dried in individual batches using conventional distillation apparatus (Chapter 11), but it is more convenient to dry common solvents such as dichloromethane, diethyl ether, and THF in continuous stills (Section 5.5). In either case the solvent must be protected from moisture using an inert atmosphere (nitrogen or argon). Rigorously dried solvents must be stored under an inert atmosphere and handled using syringe or cannula techniques (Chapter 6). 

Potassium trialkyl- and triarylstannates are air and moisture sensitive. They are thermally instable, leading to R3Sn—SnR3, which is known to catalyse the decomposition of stannyl anions. They must be handled and stored in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen or argon) by normal vacuum line techniques. For a prolonged storage, it is desirable to store the substance at low temperatures (below -40°). 

If the conversion takes place around 50 to 60°C (Fig. 11.4 a), the unit operates with a slight excess of ethylene (about 5 molar per cent). The products are withdrawn in a mixed phase and sent to a gas/liquid separator operating in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen) to limit the explosion hazard. The composition of the gases, recovered is adjusted by the addition of ethylene, and the mixture is sent to a finishing reactor, whose product is used to feed the initial set of reactors with reaction medium and to prepare the ferric... 

Place the assembly into an inert atmosphere (nitrogen). Polymerize overnight at room temperature. 

The power of carbon to retain oil is measured in various ways. In one laboratory method, 10 g carbon are mixed with 200 g oil at 80° C, then filtered on a Buechner funnel placed in a drying oven in which an inert atmosphere (nitrogen) is maintained. Even under the best experimental conditions, the retention of oil so measured is higher than in plant operation in which all loosely held oil is recovered by blowing the press with steam. 

In 1970, Kaburaki et al. (2006) reported the results of their detailed study of the pyrolysis of nicotine at various temperatures in air and in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen). They did not report the identification of the two tumorigenic benzacri-dines reported previously by Van Duuren et al. (4027) as identified components in their nicotine pyrolysates. 

Here again, the shght difference in the temperature (750°C vs. 800-860°C) of the inert atmosphere (nitrogen) pyrolysis cannot explain the profound difference in the compositional findings (presence vs. absence of the aza-arenes in question). 

Pyrolysis of the extract in either an inert atmosphere (nitrogen) or an oxygenated atmosphere (air) at 880°C did not markedly affect the findings with respect to the yield of pyrolysate, the generation of PAHs, or the specific tnmorigenicity (monse skinpainting bioassay) obtained with a solntion of 1% pyrolysate in acetone. 

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