Indium trioxide

Indium trioxide Indoaniline Indocarbo cyanine Indocarbon CL Indocin... 

Indium trioxide (2In + 30 — In O ). Used in specialty glass production. 

Indium is stable in air at ambient temperature. At red heat, it oxidizes to indium trioxide, In20s. Three other oxides of indium are known the suboxide, In20 [12030-22], monoxide, InO [12136-26-4] and the sesquioxide, In304 [66525-54-0], which is a mixture of the trioxide and monoxide. 

Indium trioxide is used to make special glasses and to impart yellow color to glass. 

Indium trioxide may be obtained by heating indium in air or oxygen ... 

When heated with excess hydrogen at 450°C to 500°C, indium trioxide is reduced to indium metal ... 

Indium trioxide dissolves in sulfuric acid, forming indium trisulfate ... 

Elemental composition In 82.71%, 0 17.29%. Indium trioxide may be digested with nitric acid, diluted appropriately and analyzed for indium by AA or ICP. It may be identified by x-ray diffraction. The oxide may be heated with excess hydrogen and water formed may be analyzed quantitatively by gravimetry or the Karl-Fisher method. 

Indium is stable in air at ambient temperature, but oxidizes under high temperatures to form indium trioxide, In20j. 

CAS 1312-43-2 EINECS/ELINCS 215-193-9 Synonyms Diindium trioxide India Indium (III) oxide Indium (3+) oxide Indium sesquioxide Indium trioxide... 

In summary, the groups of Espenson and Loh observe catalysis of Diels-Alder reactions involving monodentate reactants by Lewis acids in water. If their observations reflect Lewis-acid catalysis, involvirg coordination and concomitant activation of the dienophile, we would conclude that Lewis-acid catalysis in water need not suffer from a limitation to chelating reactants. This conclusion contradicts our observations which have invariably stressed the importance of a chelating potential of the dienophile. Hence it was decided to investigate the effect of indium trichloride and methylrhenium trioxide under homogeneous conditions. 

Indium trichloride [30] and methylrhenium trioxide [31] catalyze the aqueous Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein and acrylates with cyclic and open-chain dienes. Some examples of the cycloaddition of methyl vinyl ketone with 1,3-cyclohexadiene are reported in Scheme 6.18. MeReOs does not give satisfactory yields for acroleins and methyl vinyl ketones with substituents at the jS-position and favors the self-Diels-Alder reaction of diene. 

Indium Iodine Acetonitrile, nitrogen dioxide, mercury(II) bromide, sulfur Acetaldehyde, acetylene, aluminum, ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous), antimony, bromine pentafluoride, carbides, cesium oxide, chlorine, ethanol, fluorine, formamide, lithium, magnesium, phosphorus, pyridine, silver azide, sulfur trioxide... 

Diels-Alder reactions are one of the most famous examples which are accderated by a Lewis acid. Various water-stable Lewis adds such as Ln(OTf)3,1371 methylrhenium trioxide,1381 copper nitrate,1391 copper bis(dodecyl sulfate) (4b),1401 indium chloride,1411 and bismuth triflate1421 have been used for Diels-Alder and aza-Diels-Alder reactions in water. Furthermore, a catalytic asymmetric Dids-Alder reaction in water using a copper complex of an amino... 

The reverse reaction is catalysed by copper sulphate in an ethanol/water (50 50) mixture297 298. Indium(III) chloride catalysis of Diels-Alder reactions was also reported, but the effects were poor and comparison to uncatalysed reactions was made only in a few cases299,300. A very versatile Lewis acid catalyst for such reactions is methylrhenium trioxide (MTO)300. This catalyst can be used without a solvent, in pure organic solvents like chloroform and even in pure water. While the catalyst is active in the latter two solvents (Table 22), it gives the best results in water (Table 23). 

Methylrhenium trioxide (CH3Re03) has proved to be an excellent catalyst in organic solvents, and in water when the dienophile is an a, -unsaturated ketone (or aldehyde). Nearly exclusively one product isomer was formed, the same one that usually predominates [47]. Likewise, scandium triflate [48] and indium trichloride [49] were found to catalyze the Diels-Alder reaction in a tetrahydro-furan/water mixture and in pure water, respectively. 

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