Indices logarithms

Figure 47 Pfeiffer s rule [860], Eudismic indices (= logarithm of the ratio of the affinities of the more active analog to the less active analog) are plotted against the affinities pK, of the eutomers (open symbols, 1,3-oxathiolane 3-oxides 57, X = >SO filled symbols, 1,3-oxathiolanes 57, X = S circles indicate the affinities to the ileum muscarinic receptor, triangles indicate the affinities to the bladder receptor) (reproduced from Figure 2 of ref. [871] with permission from Elsevier Trends Journals, Cambridge, UK).

Fig. 7.7. Biphasic kinetics for unfolding and refolding of cytochrome c at 2.5 M GuHCl pH 6.5 protein concentration 0.07 mg/ml (from Ikai et ai, 1973). The insert indicates logarithmic plots of the residue R after substraction of the second exponential term.

Tatara et al. (1997,1998) QSARs for predicting cation toxicity using standard reduction-oxidation potential alone or in combinations with standard reduction-oxidation potential, atomic number, ionization potential differential, covalent index, logarithm of the first hydrolysis constant, or Pearson and Mawby softness parameter alone or in combination with logarithm of the first hydrolysis constant... 

The logarithm of a root of a number is equal to the logarithm of the number divided by the index of the root thus... 

Decontamination index The logarithm to the base 10 of the decontamination factor. 

A common error is to confuse the GPC distribution with the weight distribution. The response of a refractive index detector is proportional to the mass of polymer. The GPC elution volume (V) typically scales according to the logarithm of the degree of polymerization (or the logarithm of the molecular... 

One of the apparent results of introducing couple stress is the size-dependent effect. If the problem scale approaches molecular dimension, this effect is obvious and can be characterized by the characteristic length 1. The size effect is a distinctive property while the film thickness of EHL is down to the nanometre scale, where the exponent index of the film thickness to the velocity does not remain constant, i.e., the film thickness, if plotted as a function of velocity in logarithmic scale, will not follow the straight line proposed by Ham-rock and Dowson. This bridges the gap between the lubrication theory and the experimental results. 

For different acceptor particle adsorption isotherms expressions (1.85) - (1.89) provide various dependencies of equilibrium values of <7s for a partial pressure P (ranging from power indexes up to exponential). Thus, in case when the logarithmic isotherm Nt InP is valid the expression (1.85 ) leads to dependence <75 P" often observed in experiments [20, 83, 155]. In case of the Freundlich isotherm we arrive to the same type of dependence of - P" observed in the limit case described by expression (1.87). 

However, not withstanding the above objections, further discussion of the Snyder solvent triangle classification method is justified by its common use in many solvent optimization schemes in liquid chromatography. The polarity index, P, is given by the sum of the logarithms of the polar distribution constants for ethanol, dioxane and nltromethane and the selectivity parameters, X, as the ratio of the polar distribution constant for solute i to... 

The studies with barbiturates revealed that the logarithm of the retention time is linearly related to the octanol/water partition coefficients [66,67]. It has been observed that the retention index of the drug is linearly related to the octanol/water partition coefficient (logP), and that results are very close to that of the 2-keto alkane standard (solid line in Fig. 15.9). 

X0 is the value of the property in the gas phase. (In practice, X and X0 are often the logarithm of the property in question.) The parameters a and p are measures of a solvent s ability to donate and accept hydrogen bonds, respectively, and tt is an index of its polarity/polarizability. They were initially assigned on the basis of ultraviolet spectral shifts of certain dyes in a variety of solvents, and hence were labeled solvatochromic parameters.186"188... 

As the logarithm of 1-octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) describes the hydrophobicity of molecules and the retention of solutes in RP-HPLC depends on the hydrophobicity, a strong correlation can be expected between the log V value and the retention of solutes in RP-HPLC. Besides log P, a considerable number of physicochemical parameters have been tested for their capacity to predict retention in RP-HPLC. Thus, Snyder s polarity index, fraction of positively and negatively charged surface area, molecular bulkiness, nonpolar surface area, electron donor and acceptor capacity, various ster-ical parameters, and the energy of highest occupied molecular orbit have all been included in QSRR calculations. 

Absorbance An index of the light absorbed by a medium compared to the light transmitted through it. Numerically it is the logarithm of the ratio of incident spectral irradiance to the transmitted spectral irradiance. 

With these instruments the relationship between DAP/4L and 8 V/D is obtained directly. On a logarithmic plot of DAP/4L versus 8 V/D the slope of the curve at any point is equal to the flow-behavior index n extension of the tangent to the curve at this point to a value of 8V/D of unity gives the corresponding value of the consistency index K. ... 

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