INDEX sulfoxide

Taft, Table 4.23 [507,508,514,515]. The T value is an index of solvent dipolarity/polarizability, normalized to dimethyl sulfoxide - 1, which measures the ability of a solvent to... 

Aminabhavi, T.M. and Patil, V.B. Density, viscosity, refractive index, viscosity, and speed of sound in binary mixtures of ethenylbenzene with 7V,7V-dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, 7V,7V-dimethylformamide, 1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, chloroform, bromoform, and 1-chloronaphthalene in the temperature interval (298.15-308.15) K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 43(4) 497-503, 1998. 

Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of allylic alcohols, asymmetric epoxidation of conjugated ketones, asymmetric sulfoxidations catalyzed, or mediated, by chiral titanium complexes, and allylic oxidations are the main classes of oxidation where asymmetric amplification effects have been discovered. The various references are listed in Table 4 with the maximum amplification index observed. 

Polar structures must be used for compounds containing an atom in a higher valence state, such as sulfur or phosphorus. Thus, if we treat sulfur in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) formally as a divalent atom, the calculated index, 0, is compatible with the structure in Figure 1.12. We must use only formulas with filled valence shells that is, the Lewis octet rule must be obeyed. 

Molecular addition compounds are indexed under the formulae of their components (except that entries are not made for a few common components). Thus, the 1 1 addition compound of ethanol with sulflnylbis(methane) (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) appears at C2HgO (ethanol) and at C2H( OS (sulflnylbismethane) and not at C4H12O2S. 

Several studies have shown an increased frequency of penicillamine adverse effects in patients with low sulfoxidation activity, especially with regard to proteinuria and probably thrombocytopenia and myasthenia gravis (SED-12, 547) (3,196,387,388). The sulfoxidation capacity is expressed as the sulfoxidation index, calculated as the percentage of administered 5-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine (750 mg), excreted as sulfoxides in the urine in 8 hours. A sulfoxidation index above 6% is taken as indicative of relative impairment of sulfoxidation capacity. 

At temperatures between 40-60°C, it has been reported that dimethyl sulfoxide suffers a partial breakdown, which is indicated by changes in physical properties such as refractive index, density, and viscosity. ... 

In 1965, the FDA banned investigation in humans of dimethyl sulfoxide owing to the appearance of changes in the refractive index of the lens of the eye in experimental animals. However, in 1966, the FDA allowed the study of dimethyl sulfoxide in serious conditions such as scleroderma, persistent herpes zoster, and severe rheumatoid arthritis, and in 1968 permitted studies using short-term topical application of the solvent. By 1980, the FDA no longer specifically regulated investigations of dimethyl sulfoxide. ... 

Chromatography hydrophobicity index Dimethyl sulfoxide Fetal calf serum... 

The solvatochromic parameters are derived from spectroscopic and other measurements specifically designed to measure only a single interaction. In addition, the values are averages of the results from several solutes for each parameter and somewhat independent of solute identity. The most comprehensive solvatochromic treatment of solvent selectivity are the Tti, ai and Pi parameters of Kamlet and Taft, Table 4.15 [568-570, 578]. The rti value is an index of solvent dipolarity/polarizability, normalized to dimethyl sulfoxide = 1. The i scale of hydrogen-bond acidity measures the... 

Perfluorinated solvents exhibit extremely low polarities, which can be quantified in many ways. As analyzed elsewhere, one of the best scales in terms of modeling the ability of a solvent to solvate or complex a solute or transition state involves the shift of the absorption maximum of a perfluoroheptyl-substituted dye. This dye was optimized to be soluble in both fluorocarbons and very polar solvents such as DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide). Over 100 solvents have been assayed, and some of the resulting Ps or Spectral Polarity Index values are given in Table 3.3. 

We synthesized 138-nm diameter monodisperse colloidal particles of heptafluorobutyl methacrylate and covalently attached acylated Oil Blue N dye to these colloidal spheres. These monodisperse highly charged fluorinated colloids have the lowest refractive index (n=1.386) of any monodisperse colloid known. These fluorinated colloids self-assemble into a CCA which was polymerized within an acrylamide hydrogel. Dimethyl-sulfoxide was added to the mainly aqueous medium in order to adjust the medium refractive index to either slightly above or slightly below that of the colloidal particles. 

Many cellulose derivatives form lyotropic liquid crystals in suitable solvents and several thermotropic cellulose derivatives have been reported (1-3) Cellulosic liquid crystalline systems reported prior to early 1982 have been tabulated (1). Since then, some new substituted cellulosic derivatives which form thermotropic cholesteric phases have been prepared (4), and much effort has been devoted to investigating the previously-reported systems. Anisotropic solutions of cellulose acetate and triacetate in tri-fluoroacetic acid have attracted the attention of several groups. Chiroptical properties (5,6), refractive index (7), phase boundaries (8), nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (9,10) and differential scanning calorimetry (11,12) have been reported for this system. However, trifluoroacetic acid causes degradation of cellulosic polymers this calls into question some of the physical measurements on these mesophases, because time is required for the mesophase solutions to achieve their equilibrium order. Mixtures of trifluoroacetic acid with chlorinated solvents have been employed to minimize this problem (13), and anisotropic solutions of cellulose acetate and triacetate in other solvents have been examined (14,15). The mesophase formed by (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) in water (16) is stable and easy to handle, and has thus attracted further attention (10,11,17-19), as has the thermotropic mesophase of HPC (20). Detailed studies of mesophase formation and chain rigidity for HPC in dimethyl acetamide (21) and for the benzoic acid ester of HPC in acetone and benzene (22) have been published. Anisotropic solutions of methylol cellulose in dimethyl sulfoxide (23) and of cellulose in dimethyl acetamide/ LiCl (24) were reported. Cellulose tricarbanilate in methyl ethyl ketone forms a liquid crystalline solution (25) with optical properties which are quite distinct from those of previously reported cholesteric cellulosic mesophases (26). 

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