INDEX etiology

The etiology and pathogenesis of hypothyroidism are outlined in Table 38-5. Hypothyroidism can occur with or without thyroid enlargement (goiter). The laboratory diagnosis of hypothyroidism in the adult is easily made by the combination of a low free thyroxine (or low free thyroxine index) and elevated serum TSH (Table 38-2). 

Quantihcation of renal function is not only an important diagnostic index, but it also serves as an important parameter for monitoring therapy directed at the etiology of the diminished function itself. 

The studies that have been carried out in 1970-80-th (Sivochalova, 1976) and also later (Odinayeva, 2002 Zaytseva, 2004) have shown various values of an index of permeability for different chemicals in contact with pregnant woman during gestation. Special research is needed in questions of infringement of reproduction processes of occupational etiology and their long term effect since they are extremely difficult in diagnostics. 

The strain index has not been developed to predict increased risk for distal upper-extremity disorders to uncertain etiology or relationship to work. Examples include ganglion cysts, osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis of carpal bones, and ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow. 

Evidence ranking level for etiology depends on the design and quality of studies. The highest level is ranked la and decreases downward. Table modified from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence website (www.cebm.net/index.aspx o=1025), produced since November 1998 by Bob Phillips, Chris Ball, Dave Sacked, Doug Badenoch, Sharon Straus, Brian Haynes, Martin Dawes. Updated by Jeremy Howick in March 2009. 

Epstein SK. Etiology of extubation failure and the predictive value of the rapid shallow breathing index. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995 152(2) 545—549. 

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