INDEX atherosclerosis

Dysregulation of the vascular endothelium has emerged as a critical component of most thrombotic disorders [10, 21]. Often without any anatomical sign of atherosclerosis, many cardiovascular diseases express a vasomotor abnormality termed endothelial dysfunction, indexed clinically as impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation [31]. Although its mechanism is multifactorial, endothelial dysfunction is characterized by diminished vascular NO production and/or bioavailability [32]. The... 

Patient Population. The proband of the B family, T.B., was referred to the Lipid Research Clinic at The Johns Hopkins Hospital at the age of five years because of hypercholesterolemia of 900 mg/100 ml. She had multiple planar xanthomas that had first appeared at three years of age. The patient was free of symptoms of ischemic heart disease. The index lipoprotein pattern was type lib (57), with marked hypercholesterolemia, hyperbeta-lipoproteinemia, a mild hyperprebetalipoproteinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. None of the relatives of T.B. had xanthomas or corneal arcus one (J.S.) developed signs of premature coronary atherosclerosis at the age of 43 years. Increased total plasma and LDL cholesterol levels were transmitted over three generations on both maternal and paternal sides of the family (Fig. I). The parents of the proband, S.B. and K.B., had endogenous hypertriglyceridemia as well. Two normolipidemic members of this family (S.B., Jr. and E.B.), were also studied. 

Lange S, Trampisch HJ, Haberl R, et al. Excess I-year cardiovascular risk in elderly primary care patients with a low ankle-brachial index (ABI) and high homocysteine level. Atherosclerosis 2005 178(2) 351 -357. 

The polyphenols such as anthocyanidins might have a protective effect on atherosclerosis. This concept suggests that the Recommended Optimal Intake (ROI) is a more important factor for the antioxidation than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Now, considering the absence of the appropriate methodology to identify anthocyanidins in the plasma, the analysis of the plasma antioxidant capacity might be a suitable index to define the optimal nutritional intake [95]. 

Knapp, H.R., Reilly, I.A.G., Allesandrini, P. and FitzGerald, G.A. (1986). In vivo indexes of platelet and vascular function during fish oil administration in patients with atherosclerosis. N. Engl. ]. Med., 314, 937-942... 

To relate the changes in fatty acid composition to human health, an index of atherosclerosis and an index of thrombogenicity were calculated (82). The addition of soy oil and/or CLA to the diets decreased the index of atherosclerosis (beneficial to health) (P < 0.05). The decrease caused by adding CLA in either form was similar, but it was not as great as that for the diets containing soy oil. The same relationship of diet to the index of thrombogenicity as to the index of atherosclerosis was observed. 

Microalbuminuria in healthy subjects is associated with atherosclerotic risk factors such as increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) decreased Apo A1 and HDL-C levels (12). Minor derangements of renal function are associated with an increase in CVD risk factors and promote progression of atherosclerosis (reviewed in ref. 14). However, in a separate study in contrast to BP, body mass index (BMl), and triglycerides (TGs), there was no relation between urinary albumin excretion and flow-mediated vasodilation in apparently healthy subjects. This suggests that the presence of atherogenic risk factors precedes the development of endothelial dysfunction in microalbuminuric but otherwise healthy subjects (75). 

Parfent Eva EP, Vasilenko YK, Lisevitskaya LI, Oganesyan ET 1980 Effect of ursolic acid on some indexes of lipid metabolism in experimental atherosclerosis. Vopr Med Khim 26 174-179... 

Asthagiri, A.R., 62-11 ATD (anthropomorphic test devices), 52-10 AtelocoUagen, 43-4 Ateshian, G.A, 50-8,50-19 Atherosclerosis, 44-13 Atkeson, C.G., 15-4 Adanto-occipital joint dislocation, 52-2 ATP (adenosine triphosphate), in muscle energy, 65-1-65-2 Atrial muscle, 22-15 Attention and W/INDEX,... 

Some 10-25% of the population have a genetic predisposition to hyperhomocysteinemia, which is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, as a result of polymorphisms in the gene for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. There is no evidence that supplements of vitamin Bg reduce fasting plasma homocysteine in these subjects, and like the tryptophan load test, the methionine load test may be an appropriate index of status in controlled depletion/repletion studies to determine vitamin Bg requirements, but not in population studies. 

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