InCl

Additions of crotyl tributyltin to aldehydes in the presence of 1 equiv. of InCls lead to mixtures of diastereomeric adducts favoring the anti isomer (Eq. 53) [73]. The reaction is most selective in donor solvents such as ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, or acetone. Premixing the staimane and InCls in the absence of aldehyde causes an immediate precipitate to form. Subsequent addition of the aldehyde results in slow formation of prodnct which is isolated in low yield. 

This behavior contrasts with that of TiCU with which premixing of the stannane is essential for optimum formation of the anti adduct. The reaction can also be conducted with a-oxygenated allylic stannanes which also afford anti adducts (Eq. 54). 

Enantioenriched a-OMOM allylic stannanes afford enantioenriched anti adducts in the presence of InCls (Table 43). Stereoselectivity is not highly temperature-dependent. Similar results are obtained in acetone and acetonitrile as solvents, but EtOAc is usually better. 

The high anti selectivity observed in these additions with both branched and unbranched aldehydes makes the oxygenated allylic indium reagents well suited for applications related to annonaceous acetogenins [74]. The following examples are illustrative (Eqs 55-58). 

The foregoing results are accommodated by the usual cyclic transition state in which the aldehyde substituent (i ) adopts an equatorial orientation in a chair-like conformation (Fig. 16). Unlike the SnCla counterparts of this transition state, the allylic sub- 

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R0CH=C=CH2 R0-C=C=CH2 various electrophiles, incl. carbonyl comp. + 29-34... 

Halides. Indium trichloride [10025-83-8] InCl, can be made by heating indium in excess chlorine or by chlorinating lower chlorides. It is a white crystalline soHd, deUquescent, soluble in water, and has a high vapor pressure. InCl forms chloroindates, double salts with chlorides of alkaLi metals, and organic bases. 

Indium dichlotide [13465-11 -7/, InCl, made by heating indium in hydrogen chloride or by reduction of InCl iu H2/HCI, forms colorless crystals. Indium monochloride [13465-10-6] InCl, can be formed by passing InCl vapor over heating indium. 

PoIysuIfonyIa.tlon, The polysulfonylation route to aromatic sulfone polymers was developed independendy by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing (3M) and by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) at about the same time (81). In the polymerisation step, sulfone links are formed by reaction of an aromatic sulfonyl chloride with a second aromatic ring. The reaction is similar to the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. The key to development of sulfonylation as a polymerisation process was the discovery that, unlike the acylation reaction which requires equimolar amounts of aluminum chloride or other strong Lewis acids, sulfonylation can be accompHshed with only catalytic amounts of certain haUdes, eg, FeCl, SbCl, and InCl. The reaction is a typical electrophilic substitution by an arylsulfonium cation (eq. 13). 

Spray Pyrolysis. In spray pyrolysis, a chemical solution is sprayed on a hot surface where it is pyrolyzed (decomposed) to give thin films of either elements or, more commonly, compounds (22). Eor example, to deposit CdS, a solution of CdCl plus NH2CSNH2 (thiourea) is sprayed on a hot surface. To deposit Iu202, InCl is dissolved in a solvent and sprayed on a hot surface in air. Materials that can be deposited by spray pyrolysis include electrically conductive tin—oxide and indium/tin oxide (ITO), CdS, Cu—InSe2, and CdSe. Spray pyrolysis is an inexpensive deposition process and can be used on large-area substrates. 

Fixed Facilities, Handling Motor Vehicle Transport, incl. Inspection and Weighing) Packing and Crating... 

Dissolve the acetanilide in the acetic acid in a flask (-J litre), and add gradually the bromine, dissolved in. bout twice its volume of glacial acetic acid, and shake well. When tlie bromine has been added, let the mixture stand hour mid then pour into 200 c.c. water and rinse out with writer. Filter the crystalline precipitate at the pump and wash three or four times with water. Press it well down and let it cl min. Dissohe the moist substance in spirit (about 60 c.c.) incl pour into a beaker to crystallise. Filter the crystals, w ish with a little dilute spirit, and dry on filter paper. Yield 6—7 grams. 

Figure 7.8 The structure of InCls " showing square-pyramidal (C4 ) geometry. The In-Clapex distance is significantly shorter than the In-Clbase distances and In is 59 pm above the basal plane this leads to a Clapex-In-Clbase angle of 103.9° which is very close to the theoretical value required to minimize Cl Cl repulsions whilst still retaining C4, symmetry (103.6°) calculated on the basis of a simple inverse square law for repulsion between ligands. [NEt4]2[TlCl5] is isomoiphous with [NEt4]2[InCl5] and presumably has a similar structure for the ardon.

CH2)2N(CH2C02H) 3], (LH3).( The neutral, monoprotonated 7-coordinate complex [InCl(LH)] features Cl and one N in axial positions (angle Cl-In-N 168°) with the other two N atoms and three carboxylate O atoms in the pentagonal plane. Interest in such compounds stems... 

Nom Sin (In) TOOL JOINT WEIGHT Approx. Wt Incl Twba Joints (lb) ... 

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