Inch per second

While designers of fluid power equipment do what they can to minimize turbulence, it cannot be avoided. For example, in a 4-inch pipe at 68°F, flow becomes turbulent at velocities over approximately 6 inches per second (ips) or about 3 ips in a 6-inch pipe. These velocities are far below those commonly encountered in fluid power systems, where velocities of 5 feet per second (fps) and above are common. In laminar flow, losses due to friction increase directly with velocity. With turbulent flow, these losses increase much more rapidly. 

Amplitude refers to the maximum value of a motion or vibration. This value can be represented in terms of displacement (mils), velocity (inches per second), or acceleration (inches per second squared), each of which is... 

Velocity is defined as the time rate of change of displacement (i.e., the first derivative, dZ/d/ or X) and is usually expressed as inches per second (ips). In simple terms, velocity is a description of how fast a vibration component is moving rather than how far, which is described by displacement. 

Acceleration is defined as the time rate of change of velocity (i.e., second derivative of displacement, (VXIAC or X) and is expressed in units of inches per second squared (in/sec ). Vibration frequencies above 1000 Hz should always be expressed as acceleration. 

Velocity transducers are electro-mechanical sensors designed to monitor casing, or relative, vibration. Unlike displacement probes, velocity transducers measure the rate of displacement rather than the distance of movement. Velocity is normally expressed in terms of inches per second (ips) peak, which is perhaps the best method of expressing the energy caused by machine vibration. Figure 43.22 is a schematic diagram of a velocity measurement device. 

Figure 43.25 illustrates a simple vector analysis where the vertical and horizontal radial readings acquired from the outboard bearing cap indicate a relative vertical vibration velocity of 0.5 inches per second peak (IPS-PK) and a horizontal vibration velocity of 0.3 IPS-PK. Using simple geometry, the amplitude of vibration velocity (0.583 IPS-PK) in the actual direction of deflection can be calculated. 

The data presented in the chart are relative vibration levels (i.e., taken from a bearing pedestal using either an accelerometer or velocity probe) in inches per second (ips) peak. 

A toy car travels a distance of 7,620 cm in four minutes. What is the speed in inches per second ... 

Now, solve the problem using the dimensional analysis method. We want the answer to be in inches per second. Set up the fractions with inches on the top and seconds on the bottom, so that the centimeter and minute units cancel. 

Divide 7,620 by 609.6 to get 12.5 inches per second. As you can see from this example, dimensional analysis is an efficient way to convert measurement units when there are several conversions to be made. 

Bearing housing overall vibration measurements shall be made In root mean square (RMS) velocity, In millimetres per second (inches per second). 

The probe shape is very important. The wand should be "L" shaped, measuring 12" on both sides of the "L." This will allow coverage of 12" per pass with the wand. The wire diameter should be approximately 3/32", with a 1/2" radius at the bend. Also, the tip should be turned up to eliminate the end discharge. On the intricate parts of the configuration, a fan probe is recommended, similar to a snare drum brush. Care should be exercised not to stop and concentrate on any one area. The wand should be passed over the rubber in a continuous sweeping stroke, approximately 10 inches per second. 

The burning of liquid strands, which would normally occur in hypergolic streams upstream of the point of jet disintegration, was investigated by McCullough and Jenkins (51), who reported that the burning rate, in inches per second, increased as a power of the ambient pressure. 

The linear rate of burning can be expressed either in inches per second(US and GtBrit) or in millimerers(or centimeters) per second(or minute) (Europe, Asia South America)... 

Two RK05 moving head cartridge disk drives provide mass storage capabilities of 3.2 million words. The most economic solution to long term storage is magnetic tape. A 9 track, 800 bits per inch, 45 inches per second tape drive was used. 

The wave velocity u is equal to nl, where / is the wave length, so that we have l =u/n = uh/mC2. But C2 = uv so that / = h/mv. The product of the weight and the velocity of a particle is called its momentum, so that it appears that the wave length of the electron waves should be equal to Planck s constant divided by the momentum of the electron. h/m is equal to 1.13 for an electron, so that /=1.13A . This gives the wave length / in inches when v is expressed in inches per second. If v is ten thousand miles per second or one billion nine hundred million inches per second, we get the... 

Square inch per second Square foot per second... 

This involves two processes. In the first, a heat sensitive coating on a carrier changes colour on the application of heat, e.g. hot needles are used to give a dot matrix type of image. The material can be printed in up to four colours and can incorporate a barrier varnish. Dots are usually 6, 8, and 10.5 per mm. The second process transfers a thermally activated ink from a carrier ribbon. Various colours may be employed. The process is relatively slow, e.g. ribbon moves 5 inches per second. Now a popular process for on-line printing. 

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