In-situ X-ray analysis and EXAFS

For fuel-generating photoelectrochemical devices, it is desirable to determine chemical products dynamically in situ during potential variations. This is possible when mass spectroscopy is coupled to electrochemical experiments via specific 

To drive the volatile products directly from the electrode surface via a suitable inlet system into the vacuum chamber of the mass spectrometer, a plain gas-permeable membrane (e.g. PTFE or polyethylene) on which the electrode material is deposited by sputtering or vacuum evaporation is usually used. Alternatively, the material can be deposited onto a metal gauze that is fixed close to the gas-permeable membrane. DBMS cell constructions such as that shown in Big. 12.39 have been described that allow the use of massive electrodes, which are more easily available. 

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