In situ grouting

Various technologies such as dikes, covers, and in situ grouting can be used for the control of migration of contaminants from contaminated sediments or for prevention of contamination of clean sediments. 

In situ grouting. The in situ grouting method involves injecting grouting materials into sediments to stabilize the contaminated sediments. In situ containments can be either temporary or permanent. However, permanent containment of contaminated sediments has not been well demonstrated or widely used. 

T0297 EPOC Water, Inc., Microfiltration Technology (EXXFLOW and EXXPRESS) T0404 In Situ Grouting—General... 

Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory In Situ Grouting and Retrieval... 

INEEL claims the following advantages using in situ grouting ... 

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has estimated the cost of in situ grouting technology. For full pit removal, the estimated cost was 19.1 million for the first acre and 15 million for each additional acre. The cost includes grouting and waste management, excavation, project... 

TABLE 3 First-Order Engineering Estimates of In Situ Grouting and Retrieval Costs... 

Advantages of in situ grouting technology include the following ... 

Soil conditioners are materials that measurably improve the physical characteristics of the soil as a plant growth medium. Typical uses include erosion control, prevention of surface sealing, and improvement of water infiltration and drainage. Many natural materials such as peat and gypsum are used alone or in combination with synthetics for soil conditioning. This article is concerned with synthetic soil conditioners, many of which are introduced as polymeric systems similar to the gels and foams formed in situ by chemical grouts. 

Permanent Grouting. Lost circulation also can be suppressed by grouting permanently, either with cement [37,409] or with organic polymers that cure in situ. 

TABLE 1 Cost of In Situ Stabilization/Disposal Using Jet Grouting... 

The design of the grout used in the wet mixing process is related to the properties of the in situ soils, the properties desired in the finished product, and to economic considerations. It is determined with the aid of laboratory... 

To use this relationship to determine in situ relative density, it is necessary to take both stabilized and normal samples of the soil back to the laboratory. Samples are grouted in the lab at minimum and maximum density. These samples are tested and two points plotted on an arithmetic graph of density versus UC strength. The UC value of the stabilized field sample is also determined, and this point is plotted between the other two (it usually falls on or close to the line joining the first two points). The position of the point representing the field sample determines the relative density. 

In-situ density may also be determined from irregularly shaped field samples, by measuring the total volume by water displacement, then determining the specific gravity and volume of solids by standard test methods. To use this process, the grout in the soil voids must be eliminated. For the acrylics this is readily done by heating to the point where the gel vaporizes. 

PUMPING TEST A field procedure used to determine in situ permeability or the ability of a formation to aecept grout. 

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