In epoxy nanocomposites

Figure 2.16. Enhancement of (a) decomposition temperature as well as (b) glass transition temperature as a function of filler content in epoxy nanocomposites. Reproduced from reference 51 with permission from American Chemical Society.

Fig. 14 Structure of meth)4, tallow, bis-2-hydroxyethyl method tallow ammonium ion commonly used in epoxy nanocomposites...

Fig. 19 Model proposed for polymer relaxation in epoxy nanocomposites, showing regions of various relaxation rates [107]...

Particle pull-out, which leaves hemispherical holes on the fracture surface, is due to the debonding of nanoparticles. The strong interface between treated Al Oj and matrix in epoxy nanocomposites is debonded during tensile testing. Voids are also formed aroimd both treated and non-treated Al O particles. Plastic void formation is also a toughening mechanism. The voids deform more in APTES-Al O /epoxy nanocomposites than NT-Al Oj/epoxy nanocomposites. 

Bal S (2010) Dispersion and reinforcing mechanism of carbon nanotubes in epoxy nanocomposites. 

The thermal history during curing dramatically affects the glass transition temperature Tg for fully cured DGEBA system differences up to 30°C in Tg where observed. This effect is much more relevant than the one due to the presence of layered silicate and/or the variation in its level of dispersion in epoxy nanocomposites. ... 

T.J. Pinnavaia, T. Lan, Z. Wang, H. Shi and P.D. Kaviratna, Clay-reinforced epoxy nanocomposites Synthesis, properties, and mechanism of formation. In G.-M. Chow and K.E. Gonsalves (Eds.), Nanotechnology Molecularly Designed Mlaterials, American Chemical Society, Washington, 1996, Vol. 622, p. 250. 

T. Lan, T.J. Pinnavaia, Mechanism of clay tactoid exfoliation in epoxy-clay nanocomposites, Chem. Mater., vol. 7, pp. 2144-2150,1995. 

In the epoxy nanocomposites containing untreated as well as maleic anhydride grafted nanotubes (51), the tensile strength was observed to increase by 50% at 1 wt% of the modified nanotubes, whereas the untreated nanotubes led to only a slight increase in the tensile strength which subsequently decreased on further addition of these pristine nanotubes. The tensile modulus of the nanocomposites was observed... 

Tseng et al. (51) reported the epoxy nanocomposites in which the nanotubes were functionalized by maleic anhydride by using plasma treatment. The thermal decomposition temperature was reported to increase with increasing the extent of the nanotubes in the composites as shown in Figure 2.16a. Untreated nanotubes were also used to reinforce the polymer and the increase in the decomposition temperature was also observed in this system as a function of filler content, but the enhancement was more significant using the functionalized nanotubes. This was attributed to... 

Epoxy-nanocomposite systems are relatively novel systems examined first by Pinavaia and Gianellis (Wang and Pinnavaia, 1994, Messersmith and Giannelis, 1994). A recent review of epoxy nanocomposites is provided by Becker and Simon (2005). In terms of che-morheology of epoxy-nanocomposite systems, there are relatively few papers, however. 

In such nanocomposites, the polymer cover thiekness is regulated by the concentration ratio and polymerization conditions. The main difficulties in this method (especially in solidifying epoxy, formic and other resins) are the need to... 

Kornmann, X., Berglund, L. A., and Lindberg, H., Stiffness improvements and molecular mobility in epoxy-clay nanocomposites. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 128, CC11.8 (2000). 

Lia Liang, Y. L., Pearson, R. A. Toughening mechanisms in epoxy-silica nanocomposites (ESNs). Polymer 50 (2009) 4895 905. 

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