Implementing protection

Good quality protection depends largely on how well operating instructions are applied. Special care is required during start-up periods as they are crucial for the future of the system. 

When a coaling system is started up on a new unit, the water is chiefly considered from the hydraulic (testing) and mechanical (cleaning piping) angles, 

However, as soon as the steel comes into contact with the water, irreversible corrosion phenomena may be initiated. 

Additionally, problems of deposits that are inadequately dealt with in the beginning are hard to control later on. They can cause plugging and corrosion under deposits. 

This means that the chemical features of the water must be considered, i.e. conditioning as soon as the water is pumped into the system. 

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The so-called hypercompressors for the production of LDPE represent a special case. The ethylene is compressed in a primary piston compressor, with several stages up to around 200 to 300 bar the hypercompressor (or secondary compressor) brings the gas up from there to 3000 bar. The hypercompressors show pairwise-opposite-cylinders, and are built with up to fourteen cylinders in a multiplex arrangement. The components loaded by an internally pulsating pressure are either shrunk and/or autofrettage-treated in order to implement protective compressive residual stresses (Fig. 4.1-34). 

Receivers differ in many respects, but the most important of these are psychological characteristics that have direct effects on the communication process. For example, receivers differ in their perceptions of source credibility, access to communication channels, prior beliefs about hazards and protective actions, ability to understand and remember message content, and access to resources needed to implement protective... 

Those who are responsible for providing medical response aid to civilian population will certainly have to deal with extraordinary problems of consequence management at the acute stage of the aftermath of a chemical terrorist attack. Depending on a specific nature of the event, the first-responders may have to implement protective measures, which cover the following points ... 

The incident probability itself is mainly determined by the implemented protective and preventive acting measures. These represent the basis of safety of the process. Therefore, using an analogous formulation, risk is determined by the combination of the basis of safety and the weighted hazard potential as shown in Figure 1-3. 

Whenever there is a potential for exposure to conditions that may produce bums, there is a need to implement protective strategies. In some cases, engineering controls are necessary. One example is insulating hot surfaces to reduce surface temperatures to levels that will not create bums. Another is providing shields between radiant heat sources and workers. 

The amount of time required for implementing protective actions after an emergency is... 

To implement protective actions To determine ground contamination To identify radionuclide mix To determine food and drinking water contamination... 

E. M. Marszal, C.P. Well, Implementing Protective Functions in BPCS an Combined Systems,... 

Implementing Protective Functions in BPCS in an Combined Systems Edward M. Marszal Christopher P. Weil Kenexis Consulting Corporation. 

To implement protective actions with selective criteria, in case of faulty events protection shall be designed to be actuated upstream of faulted components. 

Most hypothetical reactor accident scenarios develop over many hours, making it possible to anticipate the severity of the release and providing some time to implement protective actions to reduce entry of radionuclides into the body. Since the initial near-field exposure is primarily through inhalation, protective measures such as air filtration, sheltering, and evacuation are particularly important. Even minimal respiratory protection for a short time with a moistened handkerchief can filter out some of the 1- to 5-micron particles and decrease inhaled activity up to five-fold. 

Source term classes are discussed below. The impact of weather on off-site consequences is discussed in Section 5.2. Subsection 5.1.11 discusses rationale for implementing protective actions. The impact of protective actions on off-site health effects is discussed in Section 5.4. 

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