Implanted layers polyethylene

It should be noted that during the implantation of low-energy ions (e.g., 100-keV B ) in polyethylene, polyamide, and some other polymers, the carbon enrichment turns out to be maximal at some depth below the surface of the irradiated target, which is evidenced by the depth profile of carbon excess in the implanted layer reconstructed from RBS spectra. In this case the oxygen depth profile is, generally, saddle shaped, because the additional maximum of oxygen concentration... 

The RBS studies of iodine and Pb penetration into the preimplanted polyimide and polyethylene [69,72] show that at implantation doses higher than about f abrupt decreases in the diffusion coefficient of penetrating species and in the adsorption capacity of the implanted layer are observed (Fig. 8). The latter effect... 

It should be noted that even at a low energy of implanted species (100 keV) the size of nanopores that are formed in the implanted layer turns out to be enough to make the insertion of large molecules possible (for instance, the dicarbollyl complex of cobalt readily diffuses into polyethylene implanted with 150-keV ions [75]). In the case of energetic ions (with energies of several hundreds of MeV), the pore size increases and the implanted polymer can be doped with fullerenes [61]. Thus, the concentration of C o molecules that difhise into polyimide implanted with 500-MeV ions from toluene solution amounts to as much as 1.8 x 10 fullerene molecules per track (the fullerene concentration was evaluated by a neutron depth profiling technique using Li ions, known to form the insoluble adduct with Cfio as the tracer [61]). 

The protein side of the DCP specimens elicited a more pronounced cellular infiltrate which was approximately 40 cells thick, consisted mostly of monocytes and macrophages, and was much more diffuse than the blank polyethylene (Figure 3B). The cells adj acent to the implant formed a dense, tw o cell thick layer of macrophages w hich were more or less rounded. Farther from the implant, the macrophage infiltration became more diffuse. A few thin layers of fibroblasts were present at the outer perimeter of the inflammatory zone. 

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