Mutual impedance

Fouling produces dirty and inefficient cooling systems, impeding the flow of cooling water. It involves the physical adherence to surfaces and mutual entanglement of insoluble salts, corrosion products, oils, fats, and other process contaminants, air-blown debris, and the like. Where... 

Each mesh mutual impedance, denoted by Zlk (i k), is given by the sum of the impedances through which both mesh currents /, and lk flow. In other words, the mesh mutual impedances are equal to the sum of the impedances shared by meshes / and k. If the direction of the current / in loop i is opposite to that of the current Ik in the adjacent loop k, the mutual impedance equals the negative sum of the impedances, whereas if the direction of the current Ii is the same as that of the current I k then the mutual impedance equals the positive sum. In a linear network, the following can be obtained ... 

To separate the contribution of the anode from that of the cathode, Wagner et al. provided a more general equivalent circuit, as shown in Figure 6.33. The anode, the cathode, and the membrane resistance were in series. A parasitic inductance due to the mutual induction effect was also included. The cathode impedance was given by charge-transfer resistance (Rct0i) and constant phase element (CPE) in... 

It was mentioned in sub-section 13.5.2 that the cut-off frequency for effective screening is in the range of 0.5 kHz to 2.0 kHz for external interference. At frequencies higher than about 1 MHz it is useful to consider the coupling between the screen and the core as an impedance that relates the screen current to the core open-circuit voltage. In such a case it is not specified how the current appears in the screen. It could be by mutual induction from nearby cables, but more often by radio waves received from local radio transmitters, radio telephones, or a radar antenna. The impedance is called the shield transfer impedance Zj and it can be measured by a relatively simple test procedure. The expression for the impedance Zj is -... 

The MMW electrical properties of the cavity and the oscillator at resonance are effectively fixed in their manufacture. This treatment addresses the coupling between those two circuit elements to achieve optimal performance. It considers only the circuits at resonance that is, under the working condition of the spectrometer. Recall that the capacitive and inductive reactances in a tuned circuit at resonance cancel each other yielding a purely resistive circuit element. Nonetheless the reactances both still remain and are manifest in the property Q. The treatment will yield the reflection coefficient p of the coupling interface between the cavity and oscillator in terms of their gs and the mutual inductance coupling coefficient M of the impedance transformer that the interface represents. Optimum performance will be when the two circuit elements are critically coupled to each other and that will be shown to occur when p = 0. 

The Langmuir isotherm represents the simplest possible case, but it is of considerable practical utility. It usually describes observed behaviour qualitatively, and quite often with a reasonable quantitative success. The over-simplification which it involves is essentially the disregard of the mutual interactions of the adsorbed molecules themselves. The presence of molecules on a surface may, according to circumstances, either facilitate or impede the adsorption of others, so that much more complicated relations of p and x result. The appropriate equations to express them must in the nature of things involve more constants than the Langmuir isotherm. They constitute a specialized study. 

Comprehensive investigations in this direction are of utmost importance, especially for maintenance-free batteries. The inhibiting effect should be studied in correlation with the effects of expanders as both substances are adsorbed on the lead surface and may mutually facilitate or impede their influence. 

The assessment of a variety of electrical properties can provide important information regarding the potential performance of CPs for biomaterial applications. The properties of electrochemistry, conductivity, and impedance are not mutually exclusive and all must be quantified to design an optimal CP. 

Mutual Inductance Impedance bridge. Moderate Moderate Moderate... 

Since however larger charge density (small equivalent weight), as is discussed below ( 2r) results in general in a smaller water content of the complex coacervate, the ultrami-croscopic coacervate drops in the combination with clupein are very viscous or possibly glass-like in nature, which greatly impedes the mutual fusion into larger drops. 

In Fig. P2.6 we show a single dipole with self-impedance Zn backed by a single parasitic element with self-impedance Z2,2 and load impedance Their mutual impedances are denoted Z12 = Z2,i. 

Ultimately we are going to determine the mutual impedance between a collinear array q and the reference element of another array q. It will be recalled that the mutual impedance in general is merely defined as the negative of the voltage induced in the external element q by the entire line array divided by the current on the reference element of array q. The voltage induced at the terminals of a single element by an arbitrary field E is given by [64]... 

The Mutual Impedance Z Between a Column Array q and an External Element q ... 

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