Immunological response, suppression

The success of antiretroviral therapy is measured by the degree to which the therapy (1) restores and preserves immunologic function, (2) maximally and durably suppresses HIV RNA, (3) improves quality of life, and (4) reduces HIV-related morbidity and mortality. The major outcome parameters are CD4+ lymphocyte absolute count and percentage, and plasma HIV RNA. Adequate immunologic response in antiretroviral-naive patients consists of an increase in CD4+ cell count that averages 100 to 150 cells/mm3 per year (with a faster response in the first 3 months), and a 1 log decrease in HIV RNA by 2 to 8 weeks after starting... 

In contrast to animal models, the immunologic response to sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in humans has been difficult to demonstrate. Specific IgE suppression, specific IgG production or changes in the T cell-cytokine profile seem to be little affected by SLIT [9-13]. 

Examination of Pmg antigens by the production of a library of monoclonal antibodies revealed that less than a dozen antigens account for essentially the total immunological response to a mixture of Pmg extracellular glycoproteins. This response can, however, be modified by immunological techniques that suppress antibody production to particular antigens. Even with these relatively sophisticated tools, it has proven difficult to screen... 

Hasko G, Virag L, Egnaczyk G, Salzman AL, Szabo C The crucial role of IL-10 in the suppression of the immunological response in mice exposed to staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Eur J Immunol 1998 28 1417-1425. 

The mainstay of therapy for ABPA is oral corticosteroids. The objectives and endpoint of therapy are to suppress the inflammatory and immunological response in order to preserve lung function and prevent disease progression (26,45,106). Corticosteroids appear to decrease IgE levels and peripheral eosinophilia, clear pulmonary opacities, and decrease bronchospasm (44,45,106). 

Grove Dl, Warren KS. Effects on murine trichinosis of niridazole, a suppressant of cellular but not humoral immunological responses. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1976 70 449-453. 

As noted above, the primary focus of immunotoxicology has been on suppression many of the early techniques grew out of basic immunology research, in which the function of various components of the immune response was determined by selective manipu-... 

Hart, P. H.et al., Histamine involvement in UVB-and cis-urocanic acid-induced systemic suppression of contact hypersensitivity responses, Immunology 91, 601-608, 1997. 

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