Immunogen liposome-containing

Virosomes are liposomes containing viral fusion proteins that allow efficient entering into cells fusion with endosome membranes. Viral fusion proteins become activated in the low pH environment in the endosome to release its contents into the cytosol. Hepatitis A and influenza vaccines constructed on virosomes elicited fewer local adverse reactions than did their classic counterparts and displayed enhanced immunogenicity. Virosome-formulated influenza vaccine has also been shown to be safe and immunogenic when administered by the intranasal route. Other studies have suggested that immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes can be a suitable delivery system for synthetic... 

Liposomes. Liposomes are vesicles that consist of an aqueous compartment enclosed in a phospholipids bilayer. As they lack proteinaceous components, liposomes are not immunogenic. A broad variety of cationic liposomes containing eventually modified lipids have been used to deliver pDNA and mRNA for therapeutic utilizations. These formulations are usually based on a cationic lipid such as l,2-dioleol-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) and a fusogenic lipid such as l,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) [22,23]. Despite their ease of production and efficacy in vitro for transfecting cultured cells, cationic liposomes face toxicity issues in vivo [24,25]. Meanwhile, their heterogeneous size... 

Kersten, G. F. A., Van de Put, A., Teerlink, T., Beuvery, E. C., and Crommelin, D. J. A. (1988a). Immunogenicity of liposomes and iscoms containing the major outer membrane protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae -Influence of protein content and liposomal bilayer composition. Inf. Immun., 56. 1661-1664. 

Figure 22.16 SMPB-activated liposomes may be modified with peptide hapten molecules containing cysteine thiol groups. The resultant immunogen may be used for immunization purposes to generate an antibody...

---