Immune system potential pathways

Because there are few data on the results of human exposure to actinides, the health effects of these radioelements are more uncertain than those discussed above for ionizing radiation, radon, and fission products. Americium accumulates in bones and will likely cause bone cancer due to its radioactive decay. Animal studies suggest that plutonium will cause effects in the blood, liver, bone, lung, and immune systems. Other potential mechanisms of chemical toxicity and carcinogenicity of the actinides are similar to those of heavy metals and include (i) disruption of transport pathways for nutrients and ions (ii) displacement of essential metals such as Cu, Zn, and Ni ... 

Thus, the potent immunostimulatory ability of LPS results not only in its severe toxicity, but also in its potential utility as a therapeutic agent. The interactions between LPS and the immune system are complex, and there is continued research aimed at unraveling the signaling pathways responsible for the inflammatory and anti-tumor properties of LPS. 

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