Immune-stimulating complexes adjuvanted vaccine

Many compounds can act as adjuvants. Their classification is made difficult by the variety in chemical composition and the overlapping, often poorly understood, mechanisms of action. Only aluminum adjuvants are approved by the FDA for use in human vaccines. Quil A is a saponin that is commonly used as an adjuvant in veterinary vaccines and is also a component of immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOM). These adjuvants are addressed in some detail below. A detailed discussion of other types of adjuvants can be found in recent books and reviews on this subject. 

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