Immobilization of biomolecule

Mira Josowicz, John Hartung, Janusz Kowalik, Christine Kranz, Jiri Janata, Ashwini Sinha, Kendra McCoy. J. Electrochem.Soc., (submitted), Electropolymerization of Bilayer with Phosphonic Acid Tethers for Immobilization of Biomolecules ... 

WR Gombotz, AS Hoffman. Immobilization of biomolecules and cells on and within synthetic polymer hydrogels. In NA Peppas, ed. Hydrogels in Medicine and Pharmacy, Vol I. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, 1986, pp 95-126. 

Kandimalla, V.B., Tripathi, V.S. and Ju, H.X. (2006) Immobilization of biomolecules in sol-gels Biological and analytical applications. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 36, 73-106. 

IUPAC classification, mesoporous materials are defined as porous materials with diameters in the range 2-50 nm, which is rather dose to the dimensions of functional biomolecules such as proteins. Therefore, unexplored phenomena and functions could be observed for biomolecules confined in mesopore channels due to their restricted motion and orientation. In this chapter, we briefly introduce recent developments on the immobilization of biomolecules in mesoporous media, where the use of mesoporous silica and mesoporous carbon are mainly discussed. 

Eisner, H.I., and Mouritsen, S. (1994) Use of psoralens for covalent immobilization of biomolecules in solid phase assays. Bioconjug Chem. 5(5), 463M67. 

Kumar, P., Agarwal, S.K., and Gupta, K.C. (2004) N-(3-Trifluoroethanesulfonyloxypropyl)-anthraqui-none-2-carboxamide a new heterobifunctional reagent for immobilization of biomolecules on a variety of polymer surfaces. Bioconjugate Chem. 15, 7-11. 

Yan, M., Cai, S.X., Wybourne, M.N., and Keana, J.F.W. (1994) N-Hydroxysuccinimide ester functionalized perfluorophenyl azides as novel photoactivatable heterobifunctional cross-linking reagents. The covalent immobilization of biomolecules to polymer surfaces. Bioconjugate Chem. 5, 151-157. 

Although the sol-gel process is highly convenient for the immobilization of biomolecules, a major limitation is the formation of alcohol as a by-product during the... 

In general, the silanization of hydroxyl-terminated substrates such as silica or glass is an effective method which is used quite often for chemical modification of the substrate surface for immobilization of biomolecules. The main focus for silanization procedures is once again the examination of the self-organizing silane-monolayers. The properties of the monolayer depend on the chemical structure of the silanization reagent, the density of silanol-groups which are available on the surface and the physical surface structure on a nano-scale level. 

For the immobilization of biomolecules onto the functionalized surfaces, a wide range of different coupling reagents and methods is available [32], Defining some general conditions and requirements prior to immobilization is helpful to find and optimize the best suited and most feasible way for the specific application in mind. 

In the following sections, the major types of substrates currently used for DNA and protein microarrays will be discussed. Much of what is known regarding microarray surface chemistry and the immobilization of biomolecules comes from work with DNA microarrays. Therefore, many of the examples cited here will be from these studies. Zhu and Snyder (2003) in their review provide good insight into the manufacture and utility of protein microarrays. Here are some points to consider when choosing a substrate for protein microarrays ... 

Novel Methodology for Immobilization of Biomolecules on the Surface of a Photoresponsible Polymer Containing Azobenzene Moiety... 

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