Immiscible liquid segregation dispersed phase

Membrane separators are us for immiscible liquid segregation. These devices are extensively covered elsewhere in this book. For actual segregation, ultrafiltration or microfiltntion membranes are another variation of an impaction or interception mechanism. Ultrafiltration membranes have discrete pores about 0.001-0.02 (im in diameter which allow the continuous phase to pass while trapping the much huger individual drops, which are usually greater than 0.1 pm. Row velocity across the membrane surface resuspends trapped dispersed-phase material to prevent blinding of the pores. Pressure drop requirements... 

A microemulsion is a thermodynamically stable, optically clear dispersion of two immiscible liquids such as water and oil, stabilized by the presence of a surfactant and, in some cases, a co-surfac-tant.i i7i,265-267 synthesis of nanoparticles by microemulsions has two main advantages. On the one hand, particle size can be controlled by adjusting the size of the micelle containing the metal precursors. Therefore, thermal treatments for particle size control can be avoided. On the other hand, since the micelles have the same composition, i.e. metal precursors are distributed homogeneously the nucleation of metallic particles renders particles of the same composition. This latter feature is very important for the synthesis of bimetallic (or ternary) catalysts. The main drawback of the microemulsion, or any other approach using surfactants, is surfactant removal. Severe thermal treatments are required in order to achieve complete removal of the surfactant which may result in particle aggregation and/or surface enrichment, or complete phase segregation of the components of the bimetallic samples. ... 

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