Immersion Impregnation

These problems can be dealt with by usiag artificial test cloths impregnated with various approximations of natural soils such as vacuum cleaner dust, dirt from air conditioner filters, clays, carbon black, fatty acids, dirty motor oil, and artificial sebum, either alone or ia combination (37,94—98). The soils are appHed by sprayiag, immersion, or padding. If the soils are carefully appHed, reproducible results can be obtained. Soil test cloths can be of great help ia detergency studies, when used with an understanding of their limitations. 

This includes organic fibrous materials on a cellulose base such as paper, pressboard, cotton, cotton cloth and natural silk etc., impregnated with lacquers or immersed in an insulating liquid. The impregnation or immersion ensures that the oxygen content of the air does not affect... 

Usually noble metal NPs highly dispersed on metal oxide supports are prepared by impregnation method. Metal oxide supports are suspended in the aqueous solution of nitrates or chlorides of the corresponding noble metals. After immersion for several hours to one day, water solvent is evaporated and dried overnight to obtain precursor (nitrates or chlorides) crystals fixed on the metal oxide support surfaces. Subsequently, the dried precursors are calcined in air to transform into noble metal oxides on the support surfaces. Finally, noble metal oxides are reduced in a stream containing hydrogen. This method is simple and reproducible in preparing supported noble metal catalysts. 

Modulus of elasticity showed similar behaviour. Impregnated samples were found to have initially a higher modulus value than unimpregnated ones the decrease in modulus was less for the impregnated cements following the 88 days immersion in water. 

The mechanism by which sulphur has these observed effects is as follows. Immersion of native magnesium oxychloride cement in water brings about a slow dissolution which creates pores. When those pores are filled with sulphur, sites of possible stress concentration at points of contact between particles are modified. Similar effects occur when sulphur is used to impregnate hydraulic cements based on Portland cement and silica (Beaudoin, Ramachandran Feldman, 1977). 

Impregnation prior to the chromatographic development by immersing the PLC plate in a solution of the liquid stationary phase in a suitable solvent, with subsequent evaporation of the solvent. This method results in a homogeneous distribution of the liquid stationary phase all over the PLC layer. 

Immersion (or spraying) to impregnate the wool with the appropriate acid solution... 

Before preparing these carbon-supported Pt-based catalysts, a support pretreatment toward granular activated carbon with an aqueous solution of NaOH (pH 14) was carried out by immersing for 24 h to promote the anion exchange between the ligand chloride of impregnated metal precursers (K2PtCl4) and the aqueous hydroxide ion (OH ) inside the micropores of the activated carbon [33]. 

Raoult-Wack, A.L. and Guilbert, S. 1990. La Deshydratation Osmotique ou procede de Deshydratation-impregnation par Immersion dans des solutions concentrees. In Les Cahiers de L Ensbana, L eau dans les procedes de transformation et de conservation des aliments , Vol. 7, pp. 171-192. 

Fig. 4.3 Forward (7f), backward (4) and net (/net) components of the voltammetric response recorded at a three-phase electrode with a droplet configuration consisting of a paraffin impregnated electrode and a nitrobenzene solution of DMFC at 0.1 mol/L concentration. The electrode is immersed in 1 mol/L aqueous solution containing SCN anions. The other experimental conditions are / = 100 Hz, = 50 mV, and AE = 0.15 mV (reprint from [7] with permission)...

The resin solution prepared above is transferred to a porcelain dish and in it are immersed about 10-20 circular filter papers (diameter 9 cm). After about 1 -2 min the filter papers are lifted out with tweezers and the excess solution allowed to drip off.The impregnated filter papers are fastened with clips to a line and allowed to dry overnight. 

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