Imaging anisotropic material

Imaging Anisotropic Materials with Polarized Radiation... 

In contrast, a real challenge is the analysis of scattering images from anisotropic materials, and in this subarea many scientists surrender and resort to the interpretation of peak positions and peak widths in raw data (cf. citation of P. Debye on p. 1). So after having advanced by learning how to analyze curves, in the field of anisotropic materials we are now in a similar situation as science has been in 1931 in respect to isotropic data. 

Most limitations, however, concern the investigation of the swelling behavior. Anisotropic materials do not swell evenly in all directions. For such solids, several particles must be placed randomly in the view cell to ensure that, statistically, every possible orientation is recorded by the video system. Even then, the difficulty remains to correctly describe volumetric effects on the basis of two-dimensional video images, a problem that will be discussed more thoroughly in... 

The highly anisotropic nature of PDA films allows us to show that in-plane properties of materials can be observed using IC-AFM. This is due to the tilt of the AFM cantilever which produces a small but significant in-plane component to the tip s motion. In the case of PDA monolayers, in-plane Action and shear deformation anisotropy leads to contrast in the IC-AFM phase image. The results can be explained using a sinq)le model that incorporates Hertzian contact mechanics with in-plane dissipation, and may be generalized to the study of other anisotropic materials. 

In contrast, the analysis of scattering images from anisotropic materials is a real challenge, and in this subarea many scientists surrender and resort to the interpretation of peak positions and peak widths in raw data. 

CDFs are computed from scattering data which are anisotropic and complete in reciprocal space. Thus the minimum requirement is a 2D SAXS pattern of a material with fiber symmetry taken in normal transmission geometry (cf. p. 37, Fig. 4.1). Required pre-evaluation of the image is described in Chap. 7. 

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