Image classical

At imaging, classical OP is characterized by multiple patchy bilateral opacities predominating in the lower lung fields and the subpleural areas, often associated with an air bronchogram (Fig. 1) (4-6,12,17,65). The chest computed... 

Kak CA, Slaney M. Principles of computerized tomographic imaging (Classics in Applied Mathematics) Society for Industrial Mathematics 2001 p. 1-3. 

The classical computer tomography (CT), including the medical one, has already been demonstrated its efficiency in many practical applications. At the same time, the request of the all-round survey of the object, which is usually unattainable, makes it important to find alternative approaches with less rigid restrictions to the number of projections and accessible views for observation. In the last time, it was understood that one effective way to withstand the extreme lack of data is to introduce a priori knowledge based upon classical inverse theory (including Maximum Entropy Method (MEM)) of the solution of ill-posed problems [1-6]. As shown in [6] for objects with binary structure, the necessary number of projections to get the quality of image restoration compared to that of CT using multistep reconstruction (MSR) method did not exceed seven and eould be reduced even further. 

These images cannot be studied with classical approach. The analysis of the matrix based on the blocks Bl and B4 cannot be exploited. The objects can even be present in the bloek B2 andB3. 

To evaluate the image quality of the processing system, one can determine classical parameters like spatial resolution, contrast resolution, dynamic range, local and global distortion. Guidelines for film digitization procedures have been well described now. Furthermore, a physical standard film for both equipment assessment and digitization calibration and control, will be available in a next future (4). 

The specific advantage of this technique is its higher sensitivity than classical film radiography and the potential for automated image processing due to the digital read-out of the IP s. Former investigations have shown / / that the available IP s achieve the same contrast like NDT films with an IP type and scanner dependent unsharpness. 

To nnderstand the internal molecnlar motions, we have placed great store in classical mechanics to obtain a picture of the dynamics of the molecnle and to predict associated patterns that can be observed in quantum spectra. Of course, the classical picture is at best an imprecise image, becanse the molecnlar dynamics are intrinsically quantum mechanical. Nonetheless, the classical metaphor mnst surely possess a large kernel of truth. The classical stnichire brought out by the bifiircation analysis has accounted for real patterns seen in wavefimctions and also for patterns observed in spectra, snch as the existence of local mode doublets, and the... 

Wliether the potentials are derived from quantum mechanical calculations or classical image forces, it is quite generally found that there is a stronger barrier to the adsorption of cations at the surface than anions, in agreement with that generally. ... 

The classical description of magnetic resonance suffices for understanding the most important concepts of magnetic resonance imaging. The description is based upon the Bloch equation, which, in the absence of relaxation, may be written as... 

Video-Enhanced Contrast. This technique is more expensive but much more effective than any other contrast-enhancing technique (15). Since the 1970s, the development of video processing of microscopical images has resulted in electronic control of contrast. As Shinya InouH, author of a classic text in the field, states "We can now see objects that are far too thin to be resolved, and extract clear images from scenes that appeared too fuzzy, too pale, or too dim, or that appeared to be nothing but noise" (16). The depth of the in-focus field can now be expanded or confined, very thin but very sharp optical sections can be produced, and a vertical succession of these images can be accumulated to reconstmct thicker stmctures in three dimensions (16). 

Na[AuClJ, per mole of silver haHde. Coordination compounds are used as emulsion stabilizers, developers, and are formed with the weU-known thiosulfate fixers. Silver haHde diffusion transfer processes and silver image stabilization also make use of coordination phenomena. A number of copper and chromium azo dyes have found use in diffusion transfer systems developed by Polaroid (see Color photography, instant). Coordination compounds are also important in a number of commercial photothermography and electrophotography (qv) appHcations as weU as in the classic iron cyano blueprint images, a number of chromium systems, etc (32). 

A. V. Crewe, J. Wall, and J. Langmore. Science. 168,1338, 1970. The classic first attempt to image single atoms with the STEM. 

To form an idea of the highly sophisticated nature of the analysis of image formation, it suffices to refer to some of the classics of this field - notably the early book by Hirsch et al. (1965), a recent study in depth by Amelinckx (1992) and a book from Australia devoted to the theory of image formation and its simulation in the study of interfaces (Forwood and Clarebrough 1991). 

A classic self-light stroboscopic image of a premixed flame undergoing a tulip inversion in a closed tube. There is an interval of 4.1 ms between the images of a water vapor saturated CO/Oj flame arranged to have a flame speed comparable with that of a stoichiometric methane/air flame. The tube is 2.5 cm in diameter and 20.3 cm long. (Adapted from Ellis, O.C. de C. and Wheeler, R.V., /. Chem. Soc., 2,3215,1928.)... 

In order to establish conditions for the isolation of the image of point D under the EM map, the projection is performed by first taking a section through the surface ct = 0 at fixed J, an example of which is shown in the right-hand panel of Fig. 15, for the critical value = S — N. The shaded area of the (K, plane defines the classically allowed range for the specified value. The lines indicate energy contours for y = 0.5. Those that touch the section correspond to relative equilibria of the Hamiltonian, whose values... 

However, these classical models neglect various aspects of the interface, such as image charges, surface polarization, and interactions between the excess charges and the water dipoles. Therefore, the widths of the electrode/electrolyte interfaces are usually underestimated. In addition, the ion distribution within the interfaces is not fixed, which for short times might lead to much stronger electric helds near the electrodes. 

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