Illness effects

The controlled thermal decomposition of dry aromatic diazonium fluoborates to yield an aromatic fluoride, boron trifluoride and nitrogen is known as the Schiemann reaction. Most diazonium fluoborates have definite decomposition temperatures and the rates of decomposition, with few exceptions, are easily controlled. Another procedure for preparing the diazonium fluoborate is to diazotise in the presence of the fluoborate ion. Fluoboric acid may be the only acid present, thus acting as acid and source of fluoborate ion. The insoluble fluoborate separates as it is formed side reactions, such as phenol formation and coupling, are held at a minimum temperature control is not usually critical and the temperature may rise to about 20° without ill effect efficient stirring is, however, necessary since a continuously thickening precipitate is formed as the reaction proceeds. The modified procedure is illustrated by the preparation of -fluoroanisole ... 

Human and animal studies indicate that inorganic manganese compounds have a very low acute toxicity by any route of exposure. The toxicity values for a given Mn compound are shown in Table 20 to depend on the species of test animal as well as the route of exposure. Manganese concentrations as high as 2000 ppm were found to be tolerated by test animals over a six-month period without any ill effects (208). 

T T,-STEL is a I5-min, time-weighted average concentration to which workers may be exposed up to four times per day with at least 60 min between successive exposures with no ill effect if the TLV-TWA is not exceeded (developed by the ACGIH). 

As a final example of column durability and solvent resistance in small pore gels we were able to resolve nylon 6 oligomers using a methanol mobile phase and 205-nm UV detection as shown in Figure 13.29. In fact, polar solvents such as acetone, acetonitrile, methanol, and 2-propanol, are used routinely as needed with no ill effects. 

According to Lazarev (Ref 27) a single lethal dose for a cat is 0.5g/kg of its weight. A daily dose of 0.05—0.2g/kg causes death after 9 days Saladini (Ref 15a) pointed out that small doses of PA cause no ill-effects in man... 

The first is the story of the high school physics teacher who came down with a strange illness eventually diagnosed as mercury poisoning. The cause Over the years, minute amounts of this metal had been spilled in the poorly ventilated lecture room. The students suffered no ill effects since they spent so little time there. Fortunately, the teacher recovered, the room was completely refurbished, and strict rules were introduced concerning the handling of mercury. 

Many clinical studies have been performed on human subjects to assess the effect of soy isoflavones on chronic disease risk factors with no ill-effects (see Section 10.4). The safety profile of isoflavones is, however, difficult to establish because of the limited sample sizes and short periods of investigation of such studies. At present the upper tested limits are ... 

Limited studies have focused on dietary intake of astaxanthin by humans. In a study reported by Miki, an astaxanthin-containing drink was used to protect low-density lipoprotein from oxidation (astaxanthin was administered at doses of 3.6 to 14.4 mg/day over a 2-week period). Progressive slowing of LDL oxidation with increasing doses of astaxanthin was observed and no ill effects were reported. 

The effect of dietary astaxanthin on the health of humans as carried out by Aquasearch Inc. on 33 volunteers consuming 3.85 mg (low dose) and 19.25 mg (high dose) daily for 29 days indicated no ill effects or toxicity due to the consumption of astaxanthin as analyzed by medical and clinical parameters. 

Delayed. Although immediate symptoms may follow exposure to a high concentration of DP, a delay of 3 h or more may elapse before exposure to a low concentration causes any ill effect. 

Delayed. Immediate irritation in high concentrations. Exposure to low concentration may cause no ill effects for 3 h or more. 

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