Clay illite

Free water is driven off between adjacent miceles of montmorillonite and illite clays... 

An experiment was conducted using a soil called SI, an illitic clay containing chlorite from Michigan. Two sets of data showd the results of permeation of the regular soil, first with water and then with pure reagent grade heptane. The heptane caused the hydraulic conductivity of the regular compacted soil to skyrocket. About 8% cement was then added to the soil. 

The behaviour of M2D-C3-0-(E0)ra-CH3 over time (4 weeks) has been monitored by FIA-APCI-MS in the presence of Al(OH)3, CaC03 (calcite), FeO(OH) (goethite), Fe203 (hematite), halloysite, illite, kaolinite, sand, pumice, talc and Ti02 (anatase), and provides some useful comparative information regarding silicone surfactant behaviour in the presence of various solid media [10]. In general, the results indicated a dependence of parent molecule recovery on pH, with lower recoveries obtained with more extreme pH values (i.e. halloysite and sand, pH 3.7 and 4.8, respectively), consistent with the known pH instability of trisiloxanes under aqueous conditions [3,11,12,16]. In particular, the loss of the parent molecule was most rapid in the presence of the clay, halloysite, and is consistent with other reports of acceleration of silicone hydrolysis in the presence of acid clays [23-25]. Comparison of the recovery of M2D-C3-0-(E0) -CH3 in the presence of halloysite, kaolinite and illite clays (0.1%, 10 mg g-1) by FIA-APCI-MS is presented in Fig. 5.5.1 [10],... 

Extremely high selectivities are frequently interpreted as "ion fixation", which suggests an irreversible phenomenon. This is the case for exchanges of Cs, Rb and K in illite clay minerals (95-96) as well as for Cu(NHj) exchange in fluorhectorite (66). However, reversibility was verified from the Hess law for adsorption of Cs, Rb and K on the high affinity sites in illite (91) and modified montmorillonites (101) as well as for the exchange of transition metal complexes (29, 75). 

Treatment of Oil-Water Mixture Using Illite Clay Mineral... 

The studies relating the effect of temperature on adsorption was carried out at eight different temperatures (natural illite clay, 110°C, 200°C, 350°C, 450°C, 550°C, 750°C, 900°C) with a oil-grease concentration of 1,000 mg L and 5 g of illite clay sample, keeping the other parameters constants. Figure 20.2 shows oil-grease adsorption as a function of temperature. 

Fig. 20.2 Effect of temperature on percentage adsorption of oil at natural and thermal activate illite clay minerals...

Adsorption of oil- grease for seven different particle sizes on thermally activated illite clay (>710 pm 710-600 pm 600-425 pm 425-355 pm 355-150 pm 150-75 pm <75 pm) was studied keeping the other parameters as constant. The result of variation of this particle sizes on oil-grease adsorption show in Table 20.3. 

These unconformity-type deposits are located around the unconformity between the Helikian Athabasca Group sandstones and underlying Archean to early Proterozoic metamorphic basement (Hoeve Sibbald 1978 Hoeve Quirt 1984). The present sandstone cover ranges from 0 to 1500 m in thickness and is dominantly composed of mature coarse-grained quartz arenite with a kaolin-illite clay matrix. 

Phenolic compounds have also been oxidatively polymerized to humic substances by clay minerals (29) and by the mineral fraction of a latasol (66). After a 10-day equilibration period, montmoril-lonite and illite clay minerals yielded 44 to 47% of the total added phenolic acids as humic substances whereas quartz gave only 9%. Samples of a latasol yielded over 63% of the total amount, from mixtures in varied proportion, of mono-, di- and trihydroxy phenolic compounds as humic substances (66). Extractions of the reaction products yielded humic, fulvic, and humin fractions that resembled soil natural fractions in color, in acid-base solubility, and in infrared absorption spectra. Wang and co-workers (67) further showed that the catalytic polymerization of catechol to humic substances was, enhanced by the presence of A1 oxide and increased with pH in the 5.0 to 7.0 range. Thus the normally very reactive products of Itgnin degradation can be linked into very stable humic acid polymers which will maintain a pool of potentially reactive phytotoxins in the soil. 

BALL (D.F.), 1968. Interstratified illitic clay in Ordovician ash from Conway, North Wales. Clay Min., 7 363-6. 

Terce, M. and R. Calvet (1978). Adsorption of several herbicides by montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite clays. Chemosphere, 4 365-370. 

Mehra, O.P. and Jackson, M.L., 1959. Constancy of the sum of mica unit cell potassium surface and interlayer sorption in vermiculite-illite clays. Proc. Soil Sci Soc. Am., 23 101-105. 

Kubicki, J.D. et al., The bonding mechanisms of salicylic acid adsorbed onto illite clay An ATR-FTIR and MO study, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 1151, 1997. 

Manning B. A. and Goldberg S. (1996) Modeling arsenate competitive adsorption on kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite. Clays Clay Min. 44, 609-623. 

Illitic clays contain the mineral illite as their main constituent, which is produced by hydrolytic degradation of potasium mica and has approximately the following composition ... 

The term stoneware includes a range of different ceramic-products, whose pastes mainly consi.st of presintered, generally illitic, clay and are fired to a nonporous product. 

The Cleveland Member consists primarily of black to brownish-black laminated siliceous shale. It contains minor amounts of calcareous laminae and cone-in-cone limestone. Pyrite is present as nodules, framboids, and irregular forms. Other primary minerals include illite clay and clay- and silt-size quartz. 

Because they are the dominant mineral in shales, illites, and illite-smectites (see below) are the most abundant of all the clays. Illites are defined as micalike materials less than 2 yttm in size, which, like the micas, have a basal spacing of 10 A (Drever 1988). Most illites are dioctahedral and structurally similar to muscovite, although some are trioctahedral like biotite. Illites contain less and Al and more Si than muscovite. They also usually contain some Mg + and Fe, The irregularity of occurrence of interlayer K+ makes bonding between the layers weaker than in muscovite. Illitic clays... 

Illite clays may result from the weathering of micas and feldspars. Their formation in soils and sediments is favored by high K" " and moderate silica concentrations. When smectites or mixed-layer smectite/illite clays are buried in deep sedimentary basins, they are gradually transformed into more stable illites by a combination of time and temperature (diagenesis) (cf. Velde and Vasseur 1992 Huang et al. 1993 Cuadros and Linares 1996). The reaction involved might be... 

Brouwer, E., Baeyens, B., Maes, A., and Cremers, A. (1983). Cesium and rubidium ion equilibria in illite clay. J. Phys. Chem. 87, 1213-1219. 

Sandstones in the central basin, with the highest initial porosities and permeabilities, were the first to experience extensive cementation. Presumably these were flow pathways and, considering the pore fluid volumes required for extensive cementation, it is not surprising that this relationship occurs. The basis for this observation is that sandstones with early high-volume cements are notably clay free (relatively low elemental Al content) compared with adjacent uncemented sandstones (Boles, 1989). The clay is a smectite-rich mixed-layer smectite/illite clay, believed to be detrital on the basis of its... 

In two similar experiments, illite clay was added instead of sand. Here, pH drifted upward to steady values of 6.4 and 6.1, presumably due to exchange of protons with cations on the clay... 

Murad E, Wagner U (1994) The Mdssbauer spectrum of illite. Clay Minerals 29 1-10 Murad E (1998) Clays and clay minerals What can Mdssbaner spectroscopy do to help understand them Hyper Interact 117 39-70... 

Post JL, Noble PN (1993) The near-infrared combination band frequencies of dioctahedral smectites, micas, and illites. Clays Clay Minerals 41 639-644... 

Tanaka N., Graham, J. Crilly, T. 1997. Stress-strain behaviour of reconstituted illitic clay at different temperatures. Eng. Geol. 47 pp. 339-350. 

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