Ignition temperature solvents

Solvent name PEL, ppm Flash point, °C LEL, vol % UEL, vol % Evaporation b rate Autogenous ignition temperature, °C Vapor density... 

A liquid perfluorocarbon was being used as solvent in an oxidation by oxygen under pressure more energy was released than expected [1], It is cautioned that fluorocarbons are not inert to oxidation, presumably to carbonyl fluoride. An explosion has been experienced with perfluorotoluene in like circumstances [2], A correspondent reports that perfluorotoluene is flammable in air, more saturated perfluorocarbons in pure oxygen [3], Another detailed the combustion performance of polytetrafluoroethylene 148 kcal/mole ignition temperature not below 465°C at 7000 psi of oxygen [4], the product is mostly carbonyl fluoride. Other oxidants may also present a risk in extreme circumstances. 

The simplest of the ethers would be ether that has the simplest hydrocarbon backbones attached those backbones are the radicals of the simplest hydrocarbon, methane. Therefore, the simplest of the ethers is dimethyl ether, whose formula is CH3OCH3. Dimethyl is used because there are two methyl radicals, and "di-" is the prefix for two. This compound could also be called methyl methyl ether, or just plain methyl ether, but it is better known as dimethyl ether. It is an easily liquified gas that is extremely flammable, has a relatively low ignition temperature of 66°F, and is used as a solvent, a refrigerant, a propellant for sprays, and a polymerization stabilizer. 

HMX is non-hygroscopic and insoluble in water. It behaves like RDX with respect to its chemical reactivity and solubility in organic solvents. However, HMX is more resistant to attack by sodium hydroxide and is more soluble in 55% nitric acid, and 2-nitropropane than RDX. In some instances, HMX needs to be separated from RDX and the reactions described above are employed for the separation. As an explosive, HMX is superior to RDX in that its ignition temperature is higher and its chemical stability is greater however, the explosive power of HMX is somewhat less than RDX. Some of the properties of HMX are presented in Table 2.16. 

The raw product obtained in this manner is first separated from copper chloride and then cleaned in several stages from solvent residues and low molecular weight elements. The resulting compound is a non-crystalline explosive of extremely high thermal resistance. In the field of - LOVA technology, it is used as an -< Active Binder in high ignition temperature propellants. 

The extrusion aid must easily coat the resin yet be readily removable from the extrudate. It should also not leave a residue which could alter the color of the product. The volatilization temperature of the lubricant should be lower than the sintering temperature of the polymer. The other requirements of lubricants include high purity, low odor, low polar components, high auto-ignition temperature, low surface tension, and low skin irritation. Common lubricants are synthetic isoparaffmic hydrocarbons available in a wide boiling range. Some of the commercial lubricants include Isopar solvents (available from Exxon Corp.), mineral spirits, and VM P Naphtha (available from Shell Corp.). 

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