Ibuprofen International

The International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD, Newtown Square, Pa.) maintains a collection of single-phase x-ray powder patterns [5]. There are separate listings of inorganic and organic compounds. The x-ray diffraction data of ibuprofen, as a representative example, is given here (Fig. 1). 

Bravo, J.F., Jacobson, M.P. and Mertens, B.F. (1977) Fatty liver and pleural effusion with ibuprofen therapy. Annals of Internal Medicine, 87 (2), 200-201. 

Farmer, S., McCauslin, L., Burns, P. K., and Velagaleti, R. (2004, Aug.), Photosensitivity of internal standard valerophenone used in USP ibuprofen bulk drug and tablet assay and its effect on quantitation of ibuprofen and its impurities, Pharm. Technol, 68-74. 

Sone H, Takahashi A, Yamada N. Ibuprofen-related hypoglycemia in a patient receiving sulfonylurea. Ann Intern Med 2001 134(4) 344. 

Figure 1.18. Comparison of MRM chromatograms following HPLC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/ MS analysis of a mixture containing alprazolam, ibuprofen, d5-alprazolam, diphenhydramine, naproxen, and prednisolone. Each set of chromatograms was obtained from a single 100-ng/ mL injection of rat plasma. d5-Alprazolam was used as the internal standard for quantification of alprazolam. (Reprinted with pemnission from Yu et al., 2006.)...

An HPLC method to determine racemic etodolac and its major metabolites in urine using a reverse-phase column has been developed [13]. Determination of etodolac in urine involved acidifying the diluted urine before extraction with cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (95 5, v/v). The organic layer was separated, evaporated, and reconstituted in solution of ibuprofen in acetonitrile (internal standard). The samples were injected onto a LiChrosper 100 RP-18 25 cm x 4 mm i.d., (5 pm particle size) column. 

An HPLC method for the analysis of etodolac and its metabolites in equine serum and urine was developed [32]. Serum (1 mL) or urine (0.5 mL) samples were extracted with iso-octane/isopropanol (95 5, v/v) after addition of ibuprofen as internal standard, diluting with 1 or 2 mL of distilled water, and adjusting the pH to 1 with 1 M HC1. The organic layer was evaporated under a stream of nitrogen, the residue dissolved in 100 pL of mobile phase, and a 20 pL aliquot injected on to the HPLC system. The HPLC system consisted of a pre-column, a 250 x 4 mm (7 pm particles) LiChrosorb RP-18 column at 25°C, isocratic elution with 1% acetic acid/acetonitrile (50 50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min, and UV detector at 227 nm. The retention time of etodolac was 8.5 minutes. The method was linear over the range of 0.1-20 pg/mL in serum, and in 0.5-800 pg/mL range in urine. The limits of quantitation were 40 ng/mL in... 

International Ibuprofen Foundation. The History of Ibuprofen. Available from < http //www. ibuprofen-foundation.com/history. htm>. 

Two chapters of collections were published in the early 1990s wherein solid dosage from analysis was discussed. Based on a presentation at the Fourth International Conference on NIRS, Stark used a newly developed diode-array spectrometer scanning between 520 and 1800nm to analyze specimens. Samples were placed on glass slides and the light collected at a fixed angle. Intact acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and antacid tablets were collected. 

In this method, an internal standard is added, and its weight fraction is maintained constant in all the mixtures. This method was used to simultaneously quantify the S(+)-enantiomer and the racemic compound of ibuprofen. ... 

Radack KL, Deck CC, Bloomfield SS. Ibuprofen interferes with the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ibuprofen compared with acetaminophen. Ann Intern Med 1987 107(5) 628-35. 

Strom BL, Schinnar R, Bilker WB, Feldman H, Farrar JT, Carson JL. Gastrointestinal tract bleeding associated with naproxen sodium vs ibuprofen. Arch Intern Med 1997 157(22) 2626-31. 

Whelton A, Stout RL, SpUman PS, Klassen DK. Renal effects of ibuprofen, piroxicam, and sulindac in patients with asymptomatic renal failure. A prospective, randomized, crossover comparison. Ann Intern Med 1990 112(8) 568-76. 

Murray MD, Brater DC, Tierney WM et al. Ibuprofen-associated renal impairment in a large general internal medicine practice. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 1990 299 222-229. 

Alam S, Purdle DM, Johnson AG, Alam S, Purdie DM, Johnson AG. Evaluation ofthe potential interaction between NaCI and prostaglandin inhibition in elderly individuals with isolated systolic hypertension. Journal of Hypertension 1999 7 1195-1202. Brater DC, Anderson S, Baird Betal. Effects of ibuprofen, naproxen, and sulindacon prostaglandins in men. Kidney International 1985 27 66-73. 

A.Whelton A, Lefkowith JL, West CR, Verburg KM. Cardiorenal effects of celecoxib as compared with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac and ibuprofen. Kid Internal 2006 70 1495-1502... 

Baeyens, W.R.G. Van Der Weken, G. Van Overbeke, A. Zhang, X.R A compeurative study for the determination of ibuprofen in pharmaceutical preparations using different internal column diameters. Biomed.Chromatogr., 1995, 9, 259—260... 

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