I , reaction with

I. Reaction with cold silver nitrate solution. Add 2 ml. of 10% aqueous AgNOg solution to i ml. of methyl iodide and shake vigorously a yellow precipitate of Agl is formed in the cold. Add an excess of dil. HNO3 to show that the precipitate does not dissolve.f... 

I. Reactions with Miscbli.aneous Inorganic Compounds 1. Phosphorus Halides... 

The first unequivocal evidence for the AE + DE mechanism came in three papers by Zollinger (1955 a-c) dealing with general base catalysis and primary kinetic hydrogen isotope effects in azo coupling reactions of various types. Three classes of reactions were identified i) reactions with no isotope effects (ArH/A D - 1.0) and no general base catalysis, ii) others with large isotope effects (k /k — 6.5) and (practically) linear base catalysis, and iii) intermediate cases with isotope effects of around 3.0 and less-than-linear base catalysis. 

FIGURE 15-22 When a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and ammonium fluoride is swirled inside a glass vial (a i, reaction with the silica in the glass frosts the surface of the cover glass as well as the walls of the vial (b)... 

Figure 4.1. Vaccinia virus topoisomerase I reaction with DNA to form a covalent adduct. Figure adapted from Heyman et al. (1999).

Smith R and Omidkhah Nasrin M (1993) Trade-offs and Interactions in Reaction and Separation Systems, Part I Reactions With No Selectivity Losses, Trans IChemE ChERD, A5 467. 

Colman, R.F. (1969) The role of sulfhydryl groups in the catalytic function of isocitrate dehydrogenase. I. Reaction with 5,5 -dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Biochemistry 8, 888. 

In contrast to Mori s synthesis, Pawar and Chattapadhyay used enzymatically controlled enantiomeric separation as the final step [300]. Butanone H was converted into 3-methylpent-l-en-3-ol I. Reaction with trimethyl orthoacetate and subsequent Claisen-orthoester rearrangement yielded ethyl (E)-5-methyl-hept-4-enoate K. Transformation of K into the aldehyde L, followed by reaction with ethylmagnesium bromide furnished racemic ( )-7-methylnon-6-ene-3-ol M. Its enzyme-catalysed enantioselective transesterification using vinylacetate and lipase from Penicillium or Pseudomonas directly afforded 157, while its enantiomer was obtained from the separated alcohol by standard acetylation. 

I. Reaction with hydrogen halides Alcohols react with hydrogen halides to form alkyl halides (Refer Unit 10, Class Xll). 

Kolthoff, I. M., and A. I. Medalia Reaction between ferrous iron and peroxides. I. Reaction with hydrogen peroxide in the absence of oxygen. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 71, 3777 (1949). 

Three main options, described in Scheme 2, exist for the conversion of dithiodiketones to dithiolenes (i) reaction with a transition metal carbonyl or other reactive zerovalent material (ii) reduction to an ethylenedithiolate and reaction as described above for these species and (iii) reaction with a metal salt to form a cationic dithiolene and reduction of the reaction product to the neutral compounds, whereby a suitable solvent (such as methanol) may serve the function of the reducing agent for in situ generation of the neutral species. 

Diethyl sodiomalonate is an example of type (i). Reaction with [(fluorobenzene)Cr(CO)3] proceeds to completion after 20 h at 50 C in HMPA to give the diethyl phenylmalonate complex in over 95% yield. Monitoring the reaction by NMR gave no evidence for an intermediate (e.g. the cyclohexadienyl anion complex) interruption of the reaction by addition of iodine at less than 20 h gave significant amounts of unreacted fluorobenzene. A satisfactory picture is the simple one, that the anion adds reversibly and unfavorably (k < k-i, as in Scheme 3), slowly finding itself at the ipso position then irreversible loss of fluoride gives the substitution product.5152... 

The chiral l,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (1) has been used to differentiate between two identical groups attached to a prochiral carbon atom, a distinction that has been limited to certain enzymes.3 Thus, the two ligands in the optically active diamide 2, prepared from 3-methylglutaric acid and 1, differ in their reactivity with amines, particularly cyclic secondary amines (Figure I). Reaction with piperidine results... 

Alegre ML, Gerones M, Rosso JA, Bertolotti SG, Braun AM, Martiere DO, Gonzales MC (2000) Kinetic study of the reactions of chlorine atoms and Cl2 radical anions in agueous solutions. I. Reaction with benzene. J Phys Chem A 104 3117-3125... 

The fact that the profiles of both the desired soluble product and the insoluble product level off at intermediate values suggest a simpler model for conversion. This scheme, presented in Figure 1, is our working model, and is tested in the study described here. In the scheme coal is partitioned in parallel, competitive routes between i) reaction with some reducing component in the system to yield TS, and ii) thermal loss of convertible sites to yield char. 

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