I carbon nanotubes

Alternative support materials are being investigated to replace carbon black as support in order to provide higher corrosion resistance and surface area. These supports can be classified into (i) carbon nanotubes and fibers (ii) mesoporous carbon and (iii) multi-layer graphene and they are presented in detail in the following section. 

Danuijanovic. M., Vukovid, T., Milosevic, I. Carbon nanotubes band assignation, topology, Bloch states and selection rules. Phys. Rev. B, 65, 45418 5422 (2002)... 

Table I. Carbon Nanotubes Prediction and Subsequent Confirmation...

A-lsopropylacrylamide or iV//-dimethyla-crylamide -l- A,A -methylene-bis-acrylamide -i- carbon nanotubes... 

A nanotube is a nanometer-scale tube-like structure. It may refer to (i) carbon nanotube, (ii) silicon nanotube, (iii) boron nitride nanombe, (iv) inorganic nanotube, (v) DNA nanotube, and (vi) membrane nanombe (a tubular membrane connection between cells) (http //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanombe). 

Chapter 1 contains a review of carbon materials, and emphasizes the stmeture and chemical bonding in the various forms of carbon, including the foui" allotropes diamond, graphite, carbynes, and the fullerenes. In addition, amorphous carbon and diamond fihns, carbon nanoparticles, and engineered carbons are discussed. The most recently discovered allotrope of carbon, i.e., the fullerenes, along with carbon nanotubes, are more fully discussed in Chapter 2, where their structure-property relations are reviewed in the context of advanced technologies for carbon based materials. The synthesis, structure, and properties of the fullerenes and... 

Fig. 3. The 2D graphene sheet is shown along with the vector which specifies the chiral nanotube. The pairs of integers ( , ) in the figure specify chiral vectors Cy, (see Table I) for carbon nanotubes, including zigzag, armchair, and chiral tubules. Below each pair of integers (n,m) is listed the number of distinct caps that can be joined continuously to the cylindrical carbon tubule denoted by (n,wi)[6]. The circled dots denote metallic tubules and the small dots are for semiconducting tubules.

Fig. 5. Schematic representation of arrays of carbon nanotubes with a common tubule axial direction in the (a) tetragonal, (b) hexagonal I, and (c) hexagonal II arrangements. The reference nanotube is generated using a planar ring of twelve carbon atoms arranged in six pairs with the symmetry [16,17,30].

The first report of current-voltage (I-V) measurements by Zhang and Lieber[I0] suggested a gap in the density of states below about 200 MeV and semiconducting behavior in the smallest of their nanotubes (6 nm diameter). The study that provides the most detailed test of the theory for the electronic properties of the ID carbon nanotubes, thus far, is the combined STM/STS study by Oik and Heremans[l 1], even though it is still preliminary. In this study, more than nine... 

Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in 1991 [I], the band structures for CNTs have been calculated by a number of authors [2-7], They have predicted that CNTs can be metallic, narrow- or broad band-gap semiconductors. After macroscopic quantities of CNTs were synthesized [8], it has become possible to explore their practical properties. 

Robel, I., Bunker, B. A. and Kamat, P. V. (2005) Single-walled carbon nanotube-CdS nanocomposites as light-harvesting assemblies Photoinduced charge-transfer interactions. Adv. Mater., 17, 2458-22463. 

Alonso-Lomillo M A, Rudiger O, Maroto-VaUente A, Velez M, Rodriguez-Ramos I, Munoz FJ, Fernandez VM, de Lacey AL. 2007. Hydrogenase-coated carbon nanotubes for efficient H2 oxidation. Nano Lett 7 1603-1608. 

Heller I, Kong J, Heering HA, Williams KA, Lemay SG, Dekker C. 2005. Individual single-waUed carbon nanotubes as nanoelectrodes for electrochemistry. Nano Lett 5 137-142. 

Hoeben FJM, Heller I, Albracht SPJ, Dekker C, Lemay SG, Heering HA. 2008. Polymyxin-coated Au and carbon nanotube electrodes for stable [NiFeJ-hydrogenase film voltammetry. Langmuir 24 5925-5931. 

Yu X, Chattopadhyay D, Galeska I, Papadimitrakopoulos E, Rusling JE. 2003. Peroxidase activity of enzymes bound to the ends of single-wall carbon nanotube forest electrodes. Electrochem Commun 5 408-411. 

Fenoglio, I. et al. (2008) Structural defects play a major role in the acute lung toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes physicochemical aspects. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 21 (9), 1690-1697. 

Sato, Y. et al. (2005) Influence of length oncytotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes against human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-I in vitro and subcutaneous tissue of rats in vivo. Molecular BioSystems, 1 (2), 176-182. 

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