I and II

The kinetic behavior of the reductions of several Cu(II)N2S2 complexes, containing thioether/pyridyl chelate ligands, by ferrocene and l,r-dimethyl-ferrocene in acetonitrile points to the formation of a precursor complex prior to electron transfer.The rate constant for the oxidation of (hydroxyethyl)-ferrocene by [2-pyridyl(methylbis(2-ethyl)thioethyl)amine]copper(II) yields a [Cu(pmas)] self-exchange rate constant of 47 M s from the Marcus theory relation.The addition of NJ increases the rate of oxidation (F and I have no effect) by shifting the reduction potential upon the formation of [Cu(pmas)N3] and Cu(pmas)(N3)2 (NJ displacement of a thioether sulfur occurs in the latter species). The application of the Marcus relationship to the reductions of the [l,8-bis(2-pyridyl)-3,6-dithiaoctane]copper(II) complex by a series of Ru(II) ammine and bipyridyl complexes in 50% aqueous CH3OH yields a self-exchange rate constant of 0.63 s for the [Cu(pdto)] couple. From the rate 

The self-exchange rate constants for a series of Cu(I)/Cu(II) polythia ether open chain and macrocyclic couples, calculated from data on the reactions with [Fe(4,7-Me2phen)3], [Co(Me4[14]tetraeneN4)], and other complexes, differ considerably [kii(Red)/A ii(Ox) = 10 -10 ] for the respective reduction and 

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Common compounds that form type I and II hydrates. 

Six certification centres are functioning in Ukraine at present in Kiev, Khar kov, Dmepropetrovsk, Zaporozhje, L vov and Ivano-Frankovsk The best known of them is the NDT Certification Centre at the E O.Paton Electric Welding Institute, which was the first one to receive, already in 1990, the licence of the USSR National Certification Committee for certification of the NDT experts. These certification centres have the right to grant levels I and II (according to EN 473), while level III can only be granted by the National Certification Committee. 

Sinee E and A are independent variables, tlieir variations are arbitrary. Henee, for the above equality to be satisfied, eaeh of the two braeketed expressions must vanish when the (E, N) partition is most probable. The vanishing of the eoeffieient of dE implies the equality of temperatures of I and II, eonsistent with thennal equilibrium ... 

Simulations in the Gibbs ensemble attempt to combine features of Widom s test particle method with the direct simulation of two-phase coexistence in a box. The method of Panagiotopoulos et al [162. 163] uses two fiilly-periodic boxes, I and II. 

Fliemenz P C and Ra]agopalan R 1997 Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry 3rd edn (New York Marcel Dekker) General textbook on colloid and surface science, including details about characterization methods Flunter R J 1987 and 1989 Foundations of Colloid Science vols I and II (Oxford Clarendon Press)... 

M. Baer, ed.. Theory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics Vols. I and II, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1985. 

Bonds with characteristics intermediate between ionic and covalent can also be represented by, for example, two imaginary structures, I and II both of which contrihute to the true structure III. Consider gaseous hydrogen chloride ... 

The strength of the bonding found in the actual structure III is greater than that calculated for either of the imaginary structures I and II. This has been explained on the theory of resonance based... 

A further peculiarity of the Group I and II carbonates is the ability to form the hydrogencarbonate or bicarbonate ion HCOj ... 

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