Hypoxia effects

Figure 4 Iron chelator CPX effects on chemosensory discharges. The left-hand panel shows the effect of hypoxia (Pq = 22 torr) plotted against time. The right-hand panel shows the effects of CPX plus the effects of hypoxia. CPX without hypoxia stimulated the chemosensing discharge. Superimposition of the same h3 poxia produced the same effect without adding to the effects of CPX, as if the hypoxia effect was replaced by CPX effect.

Ethylene is an anesthetic gas with a rapid onset of action and a rapid recovery from its anesthetic effects. It provides adequate analgesia but has poor muscle-relaxant properties. The advantages of ethylene include minimal bronchospasm, laryngospasm, and postanesthesia vomiting. A disadvantage of ethylene is hypoxia. This gas is supplied in red cylinders. Mixtures of ethylene and oxygen are flammable and explosive. 

Other drugs such as the neuroleptic, haloperidol, inhibit the induction of hsp70 mRNA in rodent neurons (Sharp et al.. 1992). Although this observation needs to be confirmed in the human population, it raises the possibility that an age-dependent defect in the production of HS proteins is exacerbated by a drug which is commonly used in demented elderly patients. The potential for certain pharmacologic agents to inhibit the HS response could increase the risk for untoward effects of atherosclerosis and hypoxia. A similar concern may be raised with certain calcium channel blockers which also have been found to reduce the synthesis of HS proteins in cardiac myocytes (Low-Friedrich and Schoeppe, 1991). 

Inhalant intoxication dehrium can occur as a consequence of disturbances in dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neu to transmission secondary to acute, high-level exposure to psychoactive ingredients in solvents such as toluene, trichloroethane, and trichloroethylene. Systemic effects of solvent inhalation such as cerebral hypoxia and/or metabolic acidosis may also be involved (Rosenberg 1982). Under these circumstances, inhalant intoxication dehrium develops over a short period of time (usually hours to days) and tends to fluctuate during the course of the day. Usually, the delirium resolves as the intoxication ends or within a few hours after cessation of use. 

Renal Effects. Acute nephrosis has been reported in humans after acute, lethal intoxication (Fazekas 1971) by methyl parathion (Wofatox). This may be a secondary effect of hypoxia related to the neurologic effects of methyl parathion on vascular smooth muscle and on the electrical conduction system of the heart. It could also be related to therapeutic efforts. 

Respiratory Effects. No reports were located indicating that endosulfan is a significant respiratory irritant. However, respiratory effects (e.g., hypoxia, dyspnea, and cyanosis) have been observed in... 

Ceradini DJ, Gurtner GC (2005) Homing to hypoxia HIF-1 as a mediator of progenitor cell recruitment to injured tissue. Trends Cardiovasc Med 15 57-63 Chalasani SH, Sabelko KA, Sunshine MJ, Littman DR, Raper JA (2003) A chemokine, SDF-1, reduces the effectiveness of multiple axonal repellents and is required for normal axon pathfinding. J Neurosci 23 1360-1371... 

Tanno, H., Nockels, R.P., Pitts, L.H. and Noble, L.J. (1992). Breakdown of the blood brain barrier after fluid percussion brain injury in the rat. 2. Effect of hypoxia on permeability to plasma proteins. J. Neurotrauma, 9, 335-347. 

A new product being developed currently is a mattress to treat hypoxia (lack of oxygen) in newborn babies. It is known that reducing the body temperature of the new born has a positive effect therefore they are treated with cold towels, medicine, chilled rooms to keep the temperature. This treatment could be substituted by the treatment with a PCM mattress, thereby optimizing and prolonging the temperature regulating effect. 

The mechanism of hydrogen sulfide toxicity is in part similar to that of cyanide. Like cyanide, hydrogen sulfide can inhibit the enzyme cytochrome oxidase resulting in tissue hypoxia. Specific health effects are discussed in greater detail below. 

Chemoreceptor response to decreased arterial P02. Hypoxia has a direct depressant effect on central chemoreceptors as well as on the medullary respiratory center. In fact, hypoxia tends to inhibit activity in all regions of the brain. Therefore, the ventilatory response to hypoxemia is elicited only by the peripheral chemoreceptors. 

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