Hypothyroidism case study

There have been occasional case-reports of infants with goiter and hypothyroidism associated with soy-based infant formula consumption (Tuohy, 2003). There has been one case control study, by Fort et al. (1990), which suggested a higher prevalence of soy-based formula feeding in infants with subsequent autoimmune thyroid disease. However, an alternative explanation may be a greater tendency for atopic infants (who may be more likely to be fed soy-based infant formulas) to have such antibodies. 

Two patients with hypothyroidism taking a fixed dosage of levothyroxine took aluminium hydroxide and magnesium oxide (72). In both cases there was a marked increase in the serum concentration of TSH and low serum T4. After withdrawal of the antacids, TSH again fell. In vitro studies showed a dose-related adsorption of levothyroxine by a combination of aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and magnesium carbonate, but no effect of magnesium oxide alone. 

Yusho and Yu-Cheng Exposures. In a case-control study of the Taiwan Yu-Cheng cohort, 795 exposed subjects and 693 sex- and age-matched controls were interviewed for information about health and medical history (Guo et al. 1999). The odds ratio (OR) for goiter (men and women combined) was 2.8 (Cl, 1.2-7.1) and 4.0 (Cl, 1.5-13.9) for goiter that was treated with medication or surgery. The ORs for hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism were not significant (males, 0.95 females, 1.7). 

Talbot et al. (Tl) stated that patients with juvenile hypothyroidism have lower serum alkaline phosphatase values than age- and sex-matched controls, and that the values become normal after replacement therapy. Chertow et al. (C13), who studied 15 hypothyroid patients, found normal serum alkaline phosphatase activities in each case. 

In Denmark, we studied the incidence of overt hypothyroidism before the Danish iodine program in two areas with a small difference in iodine intake caused by different iodine contents of groundwater. The population hv-ing in the area with only mild iodine deficiency had a considerably higher incidence of overt hypothyroidism than the population with moderate iodine deficiency, whereas the lower iodine intake was associated with more hyperthyroidism (Figure 47.5) (Billow Pedersen et aL, 2002). Subtyping of disease revealed that the difference in hypothyroidism was caused by 50% more cases of spontaneous autoimmune hypothyroidism in the area with the highest iodine intake (Carld et ai, 2006). 

Taken together, these studies may suggest that any increase in iodine intake of a population living with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency may be associated with an increase in the occurrence of hypothyroidism in the population. The higher the iodine intake, the more cases of hypothyroidism will develop. 

In the same group of women, the incidence of hyperthyroidism was 1.3 cases/1000/year and of hypothyroidism 1.0 cases/1000/year. These data can be compared to data from studies from Denmark (Laurberg et ai, 2006), which show that only a small difference in iodine intake is associated with a large difference in incidence of overt hyper- and hypothyroidism. Thus, the incidence rate of hyperthyroidism for women in a region with moderate iodine deficiency (urinary iodine 45 lig/1) was higher than in a region with mild iodine deficiency (urinary iodine 61pg/l) 1.5 cases/1000/year compared to 1.0 cases/1000/year. In... 

Notes Seaweed-induced goiter, hypothyroidism and Hashimoto s thyroiditis appear to be not uncommon in countries where seaweed is traditionally used as a food, as reflected by the numerous case reports and observational studies from Japan. 

Cerebral computed tomography (CT) scanning in patients with EC was reported to show basal ganglia calcification in 30% (15 of 50 cases) and mild cerebral atrophy in 8% (4 of 50 cases) (Halpern et al., 1991). AH three children in our study of infant-onset hypothyroidism who exhibited... 

In another study of the possible effects of iodide intake on thyroid function in 10 patients on lithium therapy, 3 to 5 weeks of potassium iodide caused hypothyroidism in 2 patients and hyperthyroidism in one. Little effect on thyroid function was seen in 5 control patients given potassium iodide without lithium. A case of hypothyroidism involving lithium and a product containing isopropamide iodide plus haloperidol (Vesalium) has also been reported. ... 

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