Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function

Roy, A., Pickar, D., Dejong, J., Karoum, F. Linnoila, M. (1998). Norepinephrine and its metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and urine. Relationship to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 45, 849-57. 

Jacobsen, L.K., Giedd, J.N., Kreek, M.J., Gottschalk, C., and Kosten, T.R (2001 b) Quantitative medial temporal lobe brain morphology and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in cocaine dependence a preliminary report. Drug Alcohol Depend 62 49-56. 

Kairalla AB. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in premature neonates after extensive prenatal treatment with betamethasone a case history. Am J Perinatol 1992 9(5-6) 428-30. 

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function provides one of the most sensitive markers of the systemic activity of inhaled glucocorticoids (35), and suppression can be used as a surrogate marker for adverse effects of inhaled glucocorticoids in other tissues. 

Irani AM, Cruz-Rivera M, Fitzpatrick S, Hoag J, Smith JA. Effects of budesonide inhalation suspension on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis function in infants and young children with persistent asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002 88(3) 306-12. 

Fink RS, Pierre LN, Daley-Yates PT, Richards DH, Gibson A, Honour JW. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function after inhaled corticosteroids unreliability of urinary free cortisol estimation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 87(10) 4541-6. 

Kim KT, Rabinovitch N, Uryniak T, Simpson B, O Dowd L, Casty F. Effect of budesonide aqueous nasal spray on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in children with allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004 93 61-7. 

Lipworth BJ, Kaliner MA, LaForce CF, Baker JW, Kaiser HB, Amin D, Kundu S, Williams JE, Engelstaetter R, Banerji DD. Effect of ciclesonide and fluticasone on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in adults with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2005 94 465-72. 

Szefler SJ, Rohatagi S, Williams JE, Lloyd M, Kundu S, Banerji D. Ciclesonide, a novel inhaled steroid, does not affect hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in patients with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma. Chest 2005 128(3) 1104-14. 

Kennedy MJ, Carpenter JM, Lozano RA, Castile RG. Impaired recovery of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and hypoglycemic seizures after high-dose inhaled corticosteroid therapy in a toddler. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002 88(5) 523-6. 

Bacharier LB, Raissy HH, Wilson L, McWilliams B, Strunk RC, Kelly HW. Long-term effect of budesonide on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in children with mild to moderate asthma. Pediatrics 2004 113 1693-9. 

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in bipolar disorder has been reviewed, but lithium was mentioned only in passing (617). Two studies (n = 25, n = 24), possibly reporting many of the same patients, showed that lithium augmentation of antidepressant-resistant unipolar depression increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, measured by the dexamethasone suppression test, either alone or combined with the corticotropin releasing hormone test (618,619). However, the tests did not distinguish between lithium responders and nonresponders. 

Watson S, Young AH. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis function in bipolar disorder. Clin Approaches Bipolar Disorders 2002 2 57-64. 

Gutierrez MA, Garcia ME, Rodriguez JA, Rivero S, Jacobelli S (1998) Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and prolactin secretion in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus, 7 404-408. 

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