Hypoglycemia treatment

Conditions Which May Mimic Hypoglycemia Treatment and Prevention of Hypo ycemia Emergency Treatment Diet Therapy... 

Insulin and the oral antidiabetic dmgi, alongwith diet and exercise are die cornerstones of treatment for diabetes mellitus. They are used to prevent episodes of hypoglycemia and to normalize carbohydrate metabolism. 

The nurse should check the patient for hypoglycemia (see Table 49-1) at the peak time of action of the insulin (see Summary Drug Table Insulin Reparations). Hypoglycemia, which can develop suddenly, may indicate a need for an adjustment in the insulin dosage or other changes in treatment, such asa change in diet. Hypoglycemic reactions can occur at any time but are most likely to occur when insulin is at its peak activity. 

Camitine deficiency can occur particularly in the newborn—and especially in preterm infants—owing to inadequate biosynthesis or renal leakage. Losses can also occur in hemodialysis. This suggests a vitamin-fike dietary requirement for carnitine in some individuals. Symptoms of deficiency include hypoglycemia, which is a consequence of impaired fatty acid oxidation and hpid accumulation with muscular weakness. Treatment is by oral supplementation with carnitine. 

During an acute adrenal crisis, the immediate treatment goals are to correct volume depletion, manage hypoglycemia, and provide glucocorticoid replacement. 

The response of prolactin (PRL) to the hypothalamic TSH-releasing hormone (TRH) and to insulin hypoglycemia is reduced in long-term Li+-treated patients, as is the response of growth hormone to insulin hypoglycemia however the concentration of growth hormone is also reported to be elevated during Li+ treatment [170]. 

SuccessM treatment of PEA and asystole depends almost entirely on diagnosis of the underlying cause. Potentially reversible causes include (1) hypovolemia, (2) hypoxia, (3) preexisting acidosis, (4) hyperkalemia, (5) hypothermia, (6) hypoglycemia, (7) drug overdose, (8) cardiac tamponade, (9) tension pneumothorax, (10) coronary thrombosis, (11) pulmonary thrombosis, and (12) trauma. 

Hypoglycemia and weight gain are the most common adverse effects of insulin. Treatment of hypoglycemia is as follows ... 

All patients receiving insulin should have extensive education in the recognition and treatment of hypoglycemia. 

Patients receiving insulin should be questioned about the recognition of hypoglycemia at least annually. Documentation of frequency of hypoglycemia and the treatment required should be recorded. 

Benign Not evident while sole nutrition is breast milk Severe hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis after fructose ingestion Vomiting, apathy, diarrhea Liver damage and jaundice Proximal renal tubule disorder resembling Fanconi syndrome Treatment eliminate sources of fructose from diet... 

Severe hypoglycemia Pramlintide alone (without the coadministration of insulin) does not cause hypoglycemia. However, pramlintide is indicated as an adjunct treatment in patients who use mealtime insulin therapy, and coadministration of pramlintide with insulin may increase the risk of insulin-induced hypoglycemia, particularly in patients with type 1 diabetes. 

Biood giucose abnormaiities Disturbances of blood glucose, including symptomatic hyper- and hypoglycemia, have been reported, usually in diabetic patients receiving concomitant treatment with an oral hypoglycemic agent or with insulin. 

Standard treatment involves one or two daily injections of a prescribed dose of insulin, which is less likely to produce hyperinsulinemia leading to episodes of hypoglycemia. 

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