Hypochlorous acid 2-hydrate

The problem of CaCl2 formation is ckcumvented by use of hypochlorous acid essentially free of chloride and chlorine and treating it with hydrated lime. A PPG process is based on hypochlorous acid (208). 

For separation of the olefins, reliance was placed largely on efficient fractional distillation under pressure, using techniques now familiar to the petroleum industry the unusual feature was the low temperature required for concentration of ethylene. The main olefin reactions developed were hydration with sulfuric acid to give the alcohol, which was then dehydrogenated to the corresponding aldehyde or ketone, and conversion to the olefin oxide by reaction with hypochlorous acid. The ready commercial availability of the olefin oxides led to a continuous stream of new products, such as glycols, glycol ethers, and alkanolamines. 

C1N02 Nitryl chloride, 4 52 ClOH Hypochlorous acid, 6 160, 164 2-hydrate, 5 161 ClONa Sodium hypochlorite, 1 90 6 159n. 

Aluminum chlorohydrate Bone black Hypochlorous acid Iron (III) oxide hydrated PoUssium manganate Potassium permanganate Silver Sodium hypochlorite Sodium peroxide water reducer, concrete Sodium gluconate water reducer, concrete moldings Naphthalene-formaldehyde sulfonate water repellent... 

Calcium chloride is avoided by reacting hypochlorous acid with hydrated lime as follows Ca(OH)2 + 2HOC1 Ca(OCl)2 + 2H2O... 

In a process used from 1937 to 1984, a solution of 10-15% hypochlorous acid, which contains very little chloride, is mixed with a slurry of hydrated lime at pH 10.0-10.5 to form a 15-20% solution of calcium hypochlorite. Sodium hypochlorite may be added to convert calcium chloride to calcium hypochlorite. The solution is spray dried, and the resulting solid is granulated and vacuum dried. Figure 24.7 depicts a current process, which uses salt-free 45-50% hypochlorous acid to make a slurry of hydrated calcium hypochlorite that is spray dried to make calcium hypochlorite with up to 82% available chlorine. The product may also be agglomerated. ... 

Chlorine is only slightly soluble in water. When it reacts with pure water, weak solutions of hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids are formed. Chlorine hydrate (Cl2 8H20) may crystallize below 49.3°F (9.61°C). 

In the chlorohydrin process ethylene is converted with hypochlorous acid into ethylene chlorohydrin, which is further converted with hydrated lime or caustic soda into EO. Unfortunately, unwanted salts as coupling products and chlorinated organic by-products are generated. 

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